湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州2007年肺结核病人登记情况分析

目的分析恩施土家族苗族自治州居民肺结核病登记情况，为政府制订结核病防治政策提供科学依据。方法设计专项调查表，由经过培训的医生负责对2007年结防机构登记的结核病人进行询问、填写，采用EXCEL电子表统计汇总，SPSS12.0软件进行相关统计学分析。结果（1）登记率少数民族明显高于汉族（P<0.001），土家族＞汉族＞苗族=其他少数民族；（2）少数民族男性和女性登记率均高于汉族的男性和女性，发病以15～64岁年龄组为主，汉族和少数民族相似高率为65～；（3）各个职业中农民病例数最多，学生居第二，（4）结核病发病与人均年收入成高度负相关关系，与受教育程度成高度负相关关系；（5）病人来源以主动就诊为主，平均就诊延迟时间为45.21d，少数民族平均就诊延迟也比汉族延长9.56d，50.7%的病人在出现症状30d以后就诊。结论经济因素仍是恩施土家族苗族自治州居民肺结核发病的首要因素，需加大经费投入和政策倾斜。

Analysis of tuberculosis patients registered in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province in 2007

Objective To explore the features of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, and to provide scientific evidence for development of TB control policy. Methods Questionnaire specifically for tuberculosis patients was designed and filled by trained doctors. All TB cases registered in TB control institutes in 2007 were interviewed and the data were entered in EXCEL worksheet and analyzed by SPSS12.0 software. Results （1） The incidence of ethnic minorities was significantly higher than that of Han （P〈0.00l）,Tujia〉Han〉Miao： other minority （Miao and other Chi-square partition P=0. 518, P=0. 000 for others） ; （2） The incidence rates of men and women of the minority were respectively higher than those of Han （PM = 0. 000; PF=0. 000）, the highest incidence age group was 15-64 years, and the top three in both Han nationality and minority age group were above 65 years,55-65 years and 45-55 years; （3） The greatest incidence among various occupations was farmers, that of students＇ was the second; （4）There was a high negative correlation between the morbidity ot tuberculosis ano annual income（rH, Han =0. 930, rminority=-0. 920） ,and also between the incidence of tuberculosis and the level of education in both nationalities（rHan=- 0. 953, rminority=- 0. 995） ; （5） The most common source of patients was positive consultation, the average patient delay was 45.21 days, and the delay in the minorities was 9.50 days longer than that in Han, 50. 7% of the patients sought for health care after 30 days＇ symptoms emergence. Conclusions Economic factors remains the most important factor for the incidence of tuberculosis in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, so the strengthening Government＇s com- mitment, increasing financial input and policy development are crucial for controlling the infection source of tuberculosis and reducing incidence.