Effects of a pH electrode across the lower esophageal sphincter

Recent studies have suggested that combined monitoring of the esophagus and stomach for prolonged periods may be the best method for investigating patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints. However, the effects of an electrode across the LES on esophageal reflux parameters have not been extensively studied. We studied 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with GERD twice with 24-hr pH monitoring. In phase 1, two glass electrodes were placed 1 cm below the UES and 5 cm above the LES. One week later in phase 2, patients were restudied with one electrode 5 cm above and one 5 cm below the LES. Although total acid exposure remained the same in healthy volunteers, three volunteers who spontaneously refluxed at night had abnormal prolongation of their supine acid exposure during phase 2 of the study. In patients with GERD, the electrode across the LES resulted in significant (P=0.01) increase in supine acid exposure and showed a strong tendency for the number of reflux episodes >5 min supine (P=0.02) and longest reflux episode supine (P=0.06) to increase without a change in the number of reflux episodes. In conclusion, a small glass electrode across the LES results in prolongation of supine acid exposure in both healthy volunteers spontaneously refluxing at night and the majority of patients with GERD. This results from the electrode interfering with clearance of refluxed acid in the supine position. Thus, combined esophageal and gastric pH monitoring may have important limitations in investigating gastroesophageal symptoms.