我国婴幼儿出生与喂养状况调查研究

目的:系统了解、及时掌握我国城乡婴幼儿营养与健康状况的现状、变化趋势及其影响因素,为国家制订相关政策及发展规划提供准确的信息;提高我国婴幼儿的体质及健康水平。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法。为了保证婴幼儿的调查人数,在样本地区适当补充调查人数。调查步骤由询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查四个部分组成。结果:我国婴儿出生体重和身长平均分别为3309g和50.0cm,城市显著高于农村(P<0.001),婴儿低出生体重和巨大儿出生比例以及早产率分别为3.6%、5.3%和12.3%,城乡差别显著(P<0.001);本次调查4个月内婴儿,基本纯母乳喂养率为71.6%,农村显著高于城市(P<0.001)。出生后4个月以内添加辅食的比例累计达到30.4%、4-6个月为57.2%。结论:我国婴幼儿生长发育状况明显改善,新生儿出生后喂养方式仍存在很多不合理现象,随着爱婴医院的创建与完善,我国母乳喂养率有了一定提高,但与提出的目标还有差距。

THE SURVEY OF NEWBORN STATUS AND FEEDING OF INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN IN CHINA

Objective: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in China, and to understand the trends of their growth and development . Method:The data were from National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002. The method of multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. This survey included four parts, i.e. the questionnaire survey, health examination, laboratory tests, and dietary survey. Result:The average weight of new-born infants reached 3 309 grams, and the length was 50 centimeters. Low birth weight , huge infant and premature delivery accounted for 3.6%、5.3% and 12.3% respectively. The rate of almost exclusive breast-feeding was 71.6%,the rate of giving complementary food after 4 months was 30.4%. Conclusion:The status of growth of infants and young children in China has improved markedly, but doesn’t reach the final goal.