启东市居民主要恶性肿瘤死亡情况与减寿分析

目的:了解启东市居民19年来(1986年~2004年)主要恶性肿瘤的死亡情况并进行减寿分析,通过比较不同年代的不同恶性肿瘤对居民寿命的危害程度,为恶性肿瘤的防治提供重要线索。方法:采用减寿分析方法中的最大期望值法。结果:(1)19年间启东居民恶性肿瘤前5位死因顺位依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、结肠直肠癌、食管癌,这期间启东居民的肝癌呈持续高死亡率,肺癌的死亡率也呈逐渐升高趋势,胃癌、结肠、直肠癌死亡率有所下降。(2)减寿年数(PYLL)前5位由高至低依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、白血病、结肠直肠癌;而白血病、肝癌、结肠、直肠癌、乳腺癌等对平均减寿年数(AYLL)影响较大。(3)35岁前恶性肿瘤死亡率最高的是肝癌和白血病,35~65岁死亡率最高的为肝癌和肺癌,65岁以上死亡率高的为肺癌和胃癌。结论:肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、白血病、结肠、直肠癌是引起寿命损失最主要的恶性肿瘤,乳腺癌对女性寿命损失较大。肝癌防治依然是启东慢病控制的重要任务;肺癌死亡率的升高是值得关注的问题。

The mortality of malignant tumors for the residents in Qidong and its life lost analysis during 1986-2004

Objective: To reveal the hazard of the malignant tumors to the health of residents in Qidong during the past 19 years(1986-2004),and to provide clues for prevention and further research of malignant tumors.Methods: The maximum expectant values were used in the life lost study.Results:(1) The five leading causes of death in order of the malignant tumors were liver cancer,lung cancer,gastric cancer,colon-rectum cancer and oesophagus cancer during the past 19 years.The mortality of liver cancer was kept at high level consecutively and lung cancer was raised gruadually,while gastric cancer,colon-rectum cancer were reduced relatively.(2)The(potential years of life lost) PYLLs of the top 5 malignant tumors in order were liver cancer,lung cancer,gastric cancer,leukaemia and colon-rectum cancer.A greater affect has been taken to the(average years of life lost)(AYLL),which caused by leukaemia,liver cancer and colon-rectum cancer.(3)Age-specific mortality rates showed that the highest mortality rates were seen in people under 35 years old with liver cancer and leukaemia and in the range of 35-65 years with liver and lung cancer and in ages over 65 years with lung and stomach cancer.Conclusions: Liver cancer,lung cancer,gastric cancer,leukaemia and colon-rectum cancer did principally cause the life lost,in the mean while,breast cancer can impact on the females' life lost.The prevention and cure of liver cancer is still a necessary mission for Qidong health workers and high attention should be paid on an increase of mortality rate of lung cancer.