卫生援外人力资源开发合作:现状、问题与策略

卫生人力资源开发合作是我国卫生援外工作的重要组成部分。本文通过文献研究、知情人访谈和现场调查,对卫生人力资源开发合作的管理机制、主要形式及特点进行系统梳理,发现:短期来华培训是目前卫生人力资源开发合作的主要形式,但对能力提高效果有限;学位学历教育比重尚小,但将成为精英人才培养的重要渠道;援外医疗队带教培训与技术合作的作用日益凸显;"走出去"培训模式投入小、周期短,但社会影响力大。存在的主要问题有:缺少战略性合作规划,需求契合度、与其他援外形式的结合度有待提高,评估体系不完善等。通过对欠发达国家卫生人力现状及对卫生人才培养的需求分析,建议制定卫生人力资源开发合作规划,促进卫生人才培养与其他援助形式的有机结合,完善监督评价制度,促进中国医学学位学历及培训项目获得当地认可,加强对发展中国家医学教育机构的援助,以增强发展中国家发展的"造血"机能,实现"共同发展"。

Health human resource development cooperation in China's foreign aid:Situation analysis and improvement strategies

Health Human Resource Development Cooperation(HHRDC) is a critical component in Chinese foreign aid, which had cultivated thousands of health workers for Asian and African developing countries by on-job training, degree education, short-term exchange activities for more than 60 years. This paper systematically reviewed the management mechanism, mode and features of HHRDC via literature review, stakeholders interviews and field investigations, and it is found that the main mode of HHRDC is short-term on-job training, but its effect for capacity building is limited; although degree education account for a small proportion of HHRDC, it plays an important role for elite cultivation; the impact for medical team teaching and technical cooperation have become more obvious; the "going out" training have less invest, short period, but bigger social impact. The main challenges of HHRDC includes the deficiency of specific strategies and action plans; the lack of understanding on recipient countries'' health human resource situation, characteristics and needs; the alignment with other aid programs; the lack of timely evaluation towards current cooperation projects. According to the need analysis of undeveloped countries, it is suggested that a cooperation plan for HHDRC is required; the implementation of HHRDC should integrate into other aid programs; the follow-up mechanism and evaluation system need improved; the Chinese degree certification and qualification in local institutions need promoted; the aid to medical educational institutions should added, thereby strengthening developing countries'' capacity and realizing common development.