Thyroid and steroid hormone regulation of proto-oncogene expression.

In contrast to the established effects of peptide growth factors on specific proto-oncogene expression, the actions of steroid and thyroid hormones are less clearly defined. However, there is increasing evidence that these hormones, acting through structurally related DNA-binding nuclear receptor proteins, influence proto-oncogene expression. This influence may determine the function of steroid and thyroid hormones in regulation of cell proliferation and maturation, and provide insight into the role of these hormones in oncogenesis.