Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mozambican children |
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Authors: | Inácio Mandomando Eusébio Macete Betuel Sigaúque Luis Morais Llorenç Quintó Jahit Sacarlal Mateu Espasa Xavier Vallès Quique Bassat Pedro Aide Tacilta Nhampossa Sonia Machevo Joaquim Ruiz Ariel Nhacolo Clara Menéndez Karen L Kotloff Anna Roca Myron M Levine Pedro L Alonso |
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Institution: | Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Moçambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique; Centre de Recerca en Salut Internacional de Barcelona (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Direcção Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique; Center for Vaccine Development (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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Abstract: | Objective To describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) in Mozambique. Methodology We analysed the epidemiology, clinical presentation and serotype distribution of invasive NTS among Mozambican children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between May 2001 and April 2006. Results A total of 401 NTS cases were analysed; the median age was 16 months interquartile range (IQR): 10–24]. Fever, cough and increased respiratory rate were the most common symptoms reported, while diarrhoea was present in only 29%. In the univariate analysis, invasive NTS was associated with age, fever, diarrhoea, increased respiratory rate, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, severe malnutrition, and severe anaemia. Young age, severe malnutrition, diarrhoea and pneumonia were independent risk factors of death. S. typhimurium (66%), and S. enteritidis (25%) were the most frequent serotypes, with incidence rates of 240.4 and 108.6 per 100 000 child years among infants for S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis , respectively; and no significant differences were found regarding their clinical presentation. Resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was high for both S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis . Conclusions Clinical presentation of invasive NTS was non-specific and similar to that of other infections, with some factors being associated with NTS. Antibiotic resistance was very common to currently recommended and available antibiotics for suspected sepsis. |
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Keywords: | invasive NTS incidence rates Salmonella typhimurium antimicrobial resistance |
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