利多卡因对气管平滑肌舒张作用的研究

利多卡因是临床上常用的局部麻醉药和抗室性心律失常药物；除此之外，利多卡因还具有较强的扩张气道、抑制气道炎症、降低气道高反应性的作用。此方面的研究最早可追溯到上世纪60年代，利多卡因在围术期预防和处理支气管痉挛中所占的地位已得到充分肯定，现将近10余年来利多卡因对气道平滑肌影响的主要研究成果综述如下。

Relaxant effect of lidocaine on the airway smooth muscle

Lidocaine is often administered intravenously(1.5mg/kg) to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction.Lidocaine given as an aerosol can provoke an initial bronchoconstriction.,but this bronchoconstriction can be prevented by pretreatment with intravenous lidocaine.Combined intravenous lidocaine and inhaled salbutamol protect against brohcbial hyperreactivity more effectively than lidocaine or salbutamol alone.Lidocaine markedly reduces reflex bronchoconstriction,but has little effect on the initiated by allergic mediators.Lidocaine may worsen histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing plasma concentrations of catecholamines,this may have therapeutic implications for patients with acute asthma or anaphylactic shock who may become dependent on circulating catecholamines.The effects of Lidocaine on attenuation of bronchial hyperreactivity and the effects of topical airway anesthesia are two independent mechanisms.