T cell-dependent immune reactions to reactive benzene metabolites in mice |
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Authors: | Susanne Ewens Marty Wulferink Carsten Goebel Ernst Gleichmann |
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Affiliation: | (1) Division of Immunology, Medical Institute of Environmental Hygiene at Heinrich Heine University, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Tel.: +49-211-3389252; Fax: +49-211-3190910 e-mail: m.wulf@bigfoot.com, DE |
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Abstract: | Using the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay in mice, we studied the sensitizing potential of benzene and its metabolites. Whereas benzene and phenol failed to induce a PLN reaction, catechol and hydroquinone induced a moderate, and p-benzoquinone a vigorous response. Following a single injection of the reactive metabolite p-benzoquinone (100 nmol/mouse), cellularity in the draining PLN was increased >15-fold, and reverted back to normal only after ∼100 days. Although the PLN response was T cell-dependent, flow cytometric analysis revealed that the increased cellularity in the PLN after a single injection of p-benzoquinone was mainly due to an increase in B cells. Mice primed to p-benzoquinone and challenged with a small dose of p-benzoquinone (0.1 nmol/mouse) mounted a secondary PLN reaction, indicating hapten specificity of the reaction; this was confirmed by results obtained in the adoptive transfer PLN assay. An unexpected finding was the secondary PLN response to benzene (1 nmol/mouse) observed in mice primed to p-benzoquinone. This finding suggests that some of the benzene (at least 10%) was locally converted into p-benzoquinone, which then elicited the secondary response observed. In conclusion, the reactive intermediate metabolites hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone can act as haptens and sensitize; their precursors, benzene and phenol, may be considered as prohaptens. Received: 7 December 1998 / Accepted: 9 February 1999 |
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Keywords: | Benzene Benzoquinone Hydroquinone T-cell Immunotoxicity |
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