出院前脑卒中患者和家属健康教育需求的调查分析

目的 了解脑卒中患者和家属出院前对健康教育的需求情况,为护士有针对性地对患者和家属实施出院健康教育提供依据.方法 采用自行设计问卷对84例患者和96名家属进行出院健康教育内容、方式和时间的需求情况进行调查.结果 在健康教育内容方面,患者在出院前比较想了解的健康教育内容前4位是用药知识、饮食指导、心理指导及预防复发方面的需求;家属在出院前比较想了解的健康教育内容前四位为:预后、肢体和语言康复指导、治疗方法与效果及监测方法的需求;患者和家属在心理指导、预后、肢体和语言康复指导及用药知识方面存在差异.在健康教育方式的选择上,患者和家属选择最多的是个别交谈指导,其次是分发传单或小册子;患者和家属在由医务人员讲解示范方面存在差异.在健康教育时间的选择上,大部分患者和家属需要在出院前1 d给予约30 min的出院指导.结论 护士在患者出院前,应针对患者与家属对健康教育需求的不同,分别对患者和家属进行出院宣教.

Study of health education requirements of the family and patients with stroke prior to discharge

Objective To survey the health education requirements of the family and patients with stroke prior to discharge,and provide evidence for nurse to practice heath education.Methods Self-designed questionnaire was applied according to content,mode and temporal of heath education in 84 patients and 96 families.Results In the content of heath education,patients wanted to know medication knowledge,food-direction,psycho-direction and prevent recidivation.Families wanted to know prognosis,limbs and language rehabilitation guidance,therapy method and effective,monitoring method;there were differences between patients and families in psycho-direction,prognosis,limbs and language rehabilitation guidance and medication.In the heath education mode,individual talk was the most receptive mode of health education,the next was distributing leaflet and booklet;there were differences between patients and families in the aspect of explain and demonstration by medical staff.In the temporal of heath education,most of patients and families wanted to be provided thirty minutes guidances one day before discharge.Conclusions Nursing staff would provide heath education to patients and families separately according the difference requirements of them prior to discharge.