儿童细菌性脑膜炎100例病原分布及耐药分析

目的了解细菌性脑膜炎(BM)患儿致病菌分布、耐药情况和临床特点。方法回顾性分析2004年3月至2015年3月脑脊液(CSF)培养阳性BM患儿的临床资料,并按年龄分新生儿组(0~28 d)、婴儿组(~1岁)、儿童组(≥1岁),按发病时间分早年组(2004年3月—2010年3月)和近年组(2010年4月—2015年3月),按临床病因分为外伤手术继发感染组和对照组进行比较分析。结果共100例患儿,检出102株病原菌,革兰阳性菌62株(60.8%),革兰阴性菌40株(39.2%)。主要致病菌依次为肺炎链球菌(33株)、大肠埃希菌(22株)、无乳链球菌(10株)。近年组无乳链球菌所占比例为18.8%(9例),高于早年组的1.9%(1例),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.406,P=0.011)。外伤手术继发感染组凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.631,P=0.010)。药敏分析发现,对照组中60.0%大肠埃希菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs),外伤手术继发感染组的唯一1例大肠埃希菌ESBLs阴性。两不同病因组中肺炎链球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺均敏感。外伤手术继发感染组肺炎链球菌对青霉素耐药率为66.7%,对照组为45.8%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。无乳链球菌均发生在对照组,对青霉素、利奈唑胺均敏感,而万古霉素敏感率仅为70%。新生儿组、婴儿组和儿童组并发症发生率分别为55.0%(22/40)、78.6%(33/42)和33.3%(6/18),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.848,P0.05)。三个年龄段最常见的急性期并发症分别为脑室扩张(40.9%)、硬膜下积液(45.5%)、脑积水(40.0%)。治愈35例,好转出院41例,未愈自动出院22例,死亡2例。结论儿童BM病原菌以肺炎链球菌、大肠埃希菌、无乳链球菌为主,近年无乳链球菌感染有所增加,不同年龄组的并发症有所不同。

Pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in one hundred children of bacterial meningitis

Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution, antibiotics resistance, and clinical features of childhood bacterial meningitis (BM). Methods Clinical data from BM children with positive cerebrospinal lfuid culture were retrospectively analyzed from March 2004 to March 2015. According to age, the BM children were divided into neonates group (0-28 days), infants group (—1 year), and children group (≥1 year). According to the onset time, the BM children were divided into the early group (March 2004 to March 2010) and the late group (April 2010 to March 2015). According to the clinical situation, the BM children were divided into the trauma and surgery secondary infection group and the control group. Results A total of 100 BM children were recruited. One hundred and two strains of pathogens were detected, 62 (60.8%) strains of Gram positive bacteria and 40 (39.2%) strains of Gram negative bacteria. The main pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (33 strains), Escherichia coli (22 strains), and Streptococcus agalactiae (10 strains). The proportion of Streptococcus agalactiae was higher in the late group (18.8%(9 cases)) than that in the early group (1.9%(1 case)) (χ2=6.406, P=0.011). The proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci was higher in the trauma and surgery secondary infection group than that in the control group (χ2=6.631, P=0.010). Drug sensitivity analysis found that 60.0%of Escherichia coli produced extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs) in the control group, while the only one strain of Escherichia coli in the trauma and surgery secondary infection group was ESBLs negative. Streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Streptococcus agalactiae were all found in the control group, which were all sensitive to penicillin and linezolid. The sensitive rate to vancomycin was only 70%. The incidence of complications in neonates group, infants group, and children group was 55.0%(22/40), 78.6%(33/42), and 33.3%(6/18), respectively. The difference was statistically signiifcant (χ2=11.848, P<0.05). The most common complications in these three age groups were ventricular dilatation (40.9%), subdural effusion (45.5%), and hydrocephalus (40.0%), respectively. Thirty-ifve children were cured, 41 children were improved and discharged, 22 children were not cured and left the hospital, and 2 children died. Conclusions Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were the predominant pathogens in childhood BM. The Streptococcus agalactiae infection is increased in the late group. The complications is varied in different age groups..