家鼠鼠疫宿主黄胸鼠的毒杀试验研究

目的筛选毒杀黄胸鼠的高效毒饵。方法孙瑞元氏简化概率单位口灌法测定灭鼠药的毒力;有选择性摄食试验法比较灭鼠药的适口性,筛选配制毒饵用基饵及引诱剂;投放毒饵前后鼠密度的变化程度计算现场毒杀效果。结果大隆和溴敌隆对黄胸鼠的急性口服致死中量(LD50)分别为1.334 mg/kg和1.563mg/kg。第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂的适口性和毒效均优于第一代。黄胸鼠对所试食物的适口性大致为小米最好,谷物、水果类次之,豆类最差。单种添加剂试验以8%的W-1最优,次为2%的W-2和0.5%的W-3;混配试验以8%的W-1 0.5%的W-3效果最好,将其加入2种正常毒饵中,能显著提高毒饵的适口性。现场毒杀试验敌鼠钠盐、杀鼠迷、双甲敌鼠胺盐、溴敌隆及杀它仗对黄胸鼠的灭效基本在80%以上。结论按灭鼠药毒力分级标准,两种抗凝血灭鼠剂对黄胸鼠均属剧毒,可推广使用。在已证实鼠类产生抗药性种群的地区灭鼠,要立即更换使用第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂。药物控制黄胸鼠可选用小米、大米、稻谷、碎玉米粒及小麦作基饵较好。8%的W-1、2%的W-2及0.5%的W-3能显著提高黄胸鼠的适口性,均可作为引诱剂选用。敌鼠钠盐、溴敌隆及杀它仗毒杀黄胸鼠效果较为理想。

Study on poisoning the Rattus flavipectus

Objective To screen the better poisonous baits for poisoning the Rattus flavipectus.Methods SUN Rui-yuan's methods of simple probability unit and to be taken orally were used to measure toxicity of raticide.The acceptability for the rat to anticoagulant rodenticide and the screening baits and luring agent were carried by the methods of select-feeding test in laboratory.The percentage of rodent control was counted according to the decrease of rodent's density after baits going into effect.Results The LD_(50)(acute) of brodifacoum and bromadiolone poisoning the Rattus flavipectus were 1.334 mg/kg and 1.563mg/kg respectively.The acceptability and toxic effects of second generation anticoagulant rodenticide were better than first generation for the rat.The favourite food for the rat was millet.The grains and fruits were second.Least-favourite food was beans.In the single respective additive test,the cornflouer with 8% W-1 was the best.The cornflouer with 2% W-2 and 0.5% W-3 were the second.And in the mixture test,cornflour with 8% W-1 0.5% W-3 was the best,and the ordinary baits of Diphacin-Na and Bromodiolone with 8% W-1 0.5% W-3 could dramafically increase palatability of the rat.The percentage of 5 rodenticides poisoning the rat were more than 80% in the field test.Conclusion Brodifacoum and bromadiolone can be used in controlling Rattus flavipectus.Second generation anticoagulant rodenticide should be used immediately in the place where the resistance of rodent is confirmed.Millet,rice,grain,corn and wheat can be used as the bait of mixed raticide for the rat control.8% W-1,2% W-2 and 0.5% W-3 can be the luring agent for poisoning the rat.The effects of Diphacin-Na,Bromodiolone and Stratagen poisoning the rat were better.