云南省19县市小兽体表蚤类群落和进化生态的初步研究

目的了解云南省19县（市）的小兽体表蚤类不同生境的群落多样性，并对其协同进化进行研究。方法运用群落生态学常用的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数、生态优势度、种问随机相遇率指数和构成比进行分析研究。结果本次研究共捕获小兽10856只，分别隶属于10科，27属，47种。从这些小兽体表采获9532只蚤类，分别隶属于5科，22属，39种。5种优势小兽分别是黄胸鼠、大绒鼠、齐氏姬鼠、褐家鼠和锡金小鼠（占总数的71．69％）；5种优势蚤类分别是方叶栉眼蚤、印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤、无值大椎蚤、和特新蚤（占总数的74．33％）。结论不同生境中蚤类群落与小兽群落的多样性指数有一致的变化趋势。不同生境中优势蚤类与优势小兽亦有相对应关系。在一定生境中的优势蚤类也是小兽宿主体表的优势蚤种。研究结果可能是蚤类与小兽宿主间协同进化的一个证据。

Preliminary research on community and evolution ecology of fleas on small mammals of 19 counties in Yunnan,China

Objective To investigate the community and evolution ecology of fleas on small mammals of 19 counties in Yunnan. Methods The parameters of community ecology: richness (S), evenness (J),diversity index (H), dominance index (C), PIE and constituent ratios (Cr) were used for analyses in this paper. Results 10 856 small mammals were captured, which belong to 10 families, 27 genera and 47 species. A total of 9 532 fleas were collected from the small mammal hosts and were identified into 5 families, 22 genera and 39 species. Five dominant small mammals are Rattus flavipectus, Eothenomys miletus, Apodemus chevrieri, Rattus norvegicus and Mus pahari which account for 71.69% of the total individuals, while the dominant fleas are Ctenophthalmus quadratus, Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis, Macrostylophora euteles and Neopsylla specialis specialis (74.33% out of the total). Conclusion The diversity index of flea community was consistent with that of small mammal community in different habitats. The dominant species of fleas were also in accordance with the dominant species of small mammals in different habitats. The dominant flea species in a certain habitat was also the dominant flea species on the body surface of a certain species of small mammal hosts. The results might be an evidence of coevolution between fleas and their small mammal hosts.