2013—2018年重庆市儿童白血病发病死亡趋势分析

目的 分析重庆市儿童白血病发病和死亡趋势,为开展儿童白血病防治提供建议。 方法 选取2013—2018年0~14岁重庆市白血病发病死亡个案,资料来源于重庆市肿瘤登记点,采用SPSS 25.0统计分析发病率、年龄别发病率、死亡率和年龄别死亡率、年度变化百分比(annual percent change, APC)。男性与女性、城市与农村儿童白血病发病率、死亡率比较采用χ²检验,趋势分析以APC表示。 结果 重庆市儿童白血病发病率由2013年4.37/10万下降至2018年的1.98/10万,APC为-13.41%,变化趋势差异无统计学意义(t=2.50,P=0.067)。各年度男性与女性发病率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。女性白血病发病率以年均10.24%下降,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=2.91,P<0.05)。各年度城市与农村地区儿童白血病发病率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),农村地区儿童白血病发病率以年均16.64%下降,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=3.31,P<0.05)。重庆市儿童白血病死亡率由2013年的1.91/10万下降至2018年1.50/10万,APC为-7.32%,变化趋势差异无统计学意义(t=2.69,P=0.055)。各年度男性与女性死亡率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男童白血病死亡率以年均6.20%下降,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=2.87,P<0.05)。各年度城市与农村白血病死亡率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。白血病各年龄段均有发病与死亡,其中5～9岁年龄组白血病发病率以年均16.72%下降,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(t=2.84,P<0.05)。 结论 重庆市儿童白血病发病率与死亡率较高,女童和农村儿童白血病发病率下降明显,应重视儿童白血病的防治工作。

Trends of incidence and mortality of pediatric leukemiain in Chongqing Municipality,2013-2018

Objective To analyze the trends of incidence and mortality of pediatric leukemia in Chongqing Municipality,and to provide suggestions for pediatric prevention and treatment.Methods Death cases of pediatric leukemia aged between 0 and 14 years in Chongqing Municipality from 2013 to 2018 were collected from cancer registry sites in Chongqing.SPSS 25.0 software was used to statistically analyze the incidence rate,age-specific incidence rate,mortality rate,age-specific mortality rate and annual percent change(APC).Chi-square test was applied to comparing the differences in the incidence and mortality rates of pediatric leukemia between males and females as well as between urban and rural areas.The trends of the incidence and mortality rates were analyzed by APC.Results The incidence rate of pediatric leukemia in Chongqing Municipality decreased from 4.37/100,000 in 2013 to 1.98/100,000 in 2018,and the APC was-13.41%,without a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=2.50,P=0.067).No statistically significant differences were found in the incidence rates of pediatric leukemia in different years between males and females(P>0.05).The incidence rate of pediatric leukemia in female children decreased by 10.24%annually(t=2.91,P<0.05),with a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=2.91,P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence rates of pediatric leukemia in different years between urban and rural areas(P>0.05).The incidence rate of pediatric leukemia in rural area decreased by 16.64%annually,showing a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=3.31,P<0.05).The mortality rate of pediatric leukemia in Chongqing Municipality decreased from 1.91/100,000 in 2013 to 1.50/100,000 in 2018,and the APC was-7.32%,without a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=2.69,P=0.055).There were no statistically significant differences in the mortality rates of pediatric leukemia in different years between males and females(P>0.05).The mortality rate of leukemia in male children decreased by 6.20%annually,with a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=2.87,P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the mortality rates of pediatric leukemia in different years between urban and rural areas(P>0.05).The incidence and mortality of pediatric leukemia were found in each age group,of which the incidence rate of pediatric leukemia in the group aged 5-9 years decreased by 16.72%annually,with a statistically significant difference in the changing trend(t=2.84,P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence and mortality rates of pediatric leukemia in Chongqing Municipality were high.The incidence rates of pediatric leukemia in female children and rural children decreased obviously.Special attention should be paid to pediatric leukemia prevention and treatment.