西安市军队离退休干部主要死因及其危险因素的10年前瞻性研究

对居住西安市２２个军队干休所的１２６８名男性军队离退休干部进行了１０年前瞻性队列研究。共观察１１６８９人年，死亡２５２人，调整死亡率为２１５５／１０万人年；死因构成比显示：恶性肿瘤（４１％）、冠心病（１７％）、呼吸系统疾病（１３％）、脑血管病（１３％）及糖尿病（６％）分居前５位；年龄、高血压、吸烟和高甘油三酯血症为该队列总死亡的主要危险因素，而规律性的体育锻炼为保护因素，提示：军队老年人群的主要死亡谱与普通社区人群基本一致，但总死亡水平低于一般同龄人群。控制主要危险因素，加强对慢性病的防治和通过健康教育提高自我保健意识，是进一步提高军队老干部生活质量、延年益寿的重要措施。

A Ten Year Follow up Study on the Mortality and Major Risk Factors of Military Retired Cadres in Xian

Objective To assess the all cause mortality and its major risk factors in a cohort after 10 years of follow up Methods A cohort analytic study in a population of military retired Cadres in Xi'an,involving 1268 men aged 55 years or older examined in 1987.Main outcome measure was all cause mortality.Results The number of person years of follow up was 11689,and the total death was 252.The proportional mortality ratio of five major causes of deafh was 41% for all cancers,17% for coronary heart disease,13% for respiratory diseases,13% for stroke,and 6% for diabetes.The major risk factors of all cause mortality were age,hyertension,smoking and high level of triglycerides.The regular physical exercise was a protective factor.Conclusions The pattem of death causes in the military elderly was similar to that in the general elderly.The control of major risk factors,prevention and treatment of chronic diseases,and health education to enhance awareness of self health care among the elderly could be beneficial to lengthen life and improve the life quality in the elderly.