马鞍山市雨山社区居民慢性病危险因素认知与行为现状研究

目的：了解马鞍山市雨山社区居民在慢性病危险因素与行为的知识和行为现状,为有针对性地开展社区居民的慢性病健康教育提供科学依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样,对12 708名马鞍山市雨山社区18岁以上居民进行问卷调查。结果：居民高血压危险因素知晓率为50.13%,高血压组与非高血压组在认知上没有统计学差异（χ2=2.374,P=0.123）,糖尿病危险因素知晓率为21.70%,糖尿病组认知率高于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=113.992,P〈0.001）,脑卒中危险因素知晓率为51.95%,脑卒中组与非脑卒组中在认知差异上无统计学意义（χ2=0.280,P=0.866）。在慢性病患者中吸烟率和饮酒率最高的为高血压人群,主动锻炼率在糖尿病和冠心病人群中较高、肥胖率在四种慢性病人群中都较高,健康教育率在高血压人群较高。结论：居民中普遍存在吸烟、过量饮酒、不合理膳食、超重肥胖、缺少体育运动等行为危险因素。社区居民对慢性病危险因素的认知及重视不足,通过向居民进行有针对性的慢性病防治知识的健康教育,提高居民的认知水平,帮助他们建立健康的生活方式。

Knowledge and behaviors of chronic diseases among residents in Yushan community,Maanshan city

Objective To learn the knowledge and behaviors of chronic diseases among residents in Yushan District,so as to provide scientific evidence for chronic disease prevention among residents.Methods 12 708 residents aged over 18 were enrolled by stratified sampling.Each one was scheduled to complete a questionnaire regarding knowledge and behaviors information of chronic diseases.Results The knowledge and behavior level in the chronic diseases were irregular for Yushan community residents.The correct rate of residents about risk factors of hypertension was 50.13%,and there was no significant difference in the rate between hypertension group and non-hypertension group（χ2=2.374,P=0.123）.The correct rate of residents about risk factors of diabetes was 21.70%,and the rate of diabetes group was higher than that of non-diabetes group（χ2=113.992,P0.001）.The correct rate of residents about risk factors of stroke was 51.95%,yet there was no significant difference in the rate between stroke group and non-stroke group（χ2=0.280,P=0.866）.The smoking rate and the drink wine rate were higher among hypertension group,and initiative exercise rate was higher among diabetes group and coronary heart disease group.The rate of obesity was higher among hypertension group,diabetes group,coronary heart disease and stroke group.The rate of heath education was higher among hypertension group.Conclusion Behavioral risk factors are widely existent in residents of Yushan district.The knowledge of residents about risk factors of chronic diseases is insufficient.It is necessary to provide health education on chronic disease prevention and treatment to residents,so as to increase the awareness rate and behavior rate of chronic diseases for residents.