Atmospheric Deposition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Urban and a Suburban Area of Korea from 2002 to 2004 |
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Authors: | H-B Moon K Kannan S-J Lee G Ok |
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Institution: | (1) Marine Environment Management Team, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1, Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-902, Korea;(2) Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA;(3) Faculty of Earth Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Daeyeon3-dong, 599-1, Busan, 608-737, Korea |
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Abstract: | Atmospheric bulk samples (wet and dry) were collected monthly during 2002 to 2004 from an urban and a suburban area in Korea
for assessment of depositional flux and seasonal variations in the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
PAH depositional flux ranged from 64.1 to 610 μg/m2/y for the urban area and from 65 to 460 μg/m2/y for the suburban area. The fluxes of PAHs measured in this study were comparable with those reported for urban and suburban
areas in other countries. The fluxes of particulates and PAHs were higher in winter than in summer, consistent with the greater
per capita consumption of fossil fuel in winter than in summer. Ambient temperature played a major role in the seasonal variability
in PAH fluxes. Photochemical degradation of PAHs appears to occur during the summer months. The relationship of PAH depositional
fluxes with major air pollutants, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and presence of particulate
matter up to 10 μm in size (PM10), was also investigated. Dominant PAH compounds in both the urban and the suburban locations were benzog,h,i]perylene, pyrene,
and indeno1,2,3-c,d]pyrene. Based on the PAH diagnostic ratios and a factor analysis, the major sources of PAHs in the urban
and the suburban regions were found to be similar. Diesel exhaust, coal combustion, and gasoline emissions contributed predominantly
to atmospheric PAH contamination. |
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