玉簪花的抗肿瘤活性甾体皂苷成分研究

目的为实现对药用植物的可持续利用,对玉簪Hosta plantaginea的花进行了甾体皂苷类成分及其体外抗肿瘤作用的研究。方法应用常规柱色谱(包括正相、反相和凝胶柱色谱)分离和波谱分析方法对玉簪花进行分离和结构鉴定;以3种悬浮肿瘤细胞白血病肿瘤细胞株(HL-60、Jurkat、K562)和3种贴壁实体瘤细胞株(肝癌HepG2、乳腺癌MCF7、胃癌SGC7901)为研究对象,采用MTT法对化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选研究。结果从玉簪花中分离鉴定了10个化合物,其中3个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,分别为吉托皂苷元(1)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(3)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-{β-D-木糖(1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷}(10);7个已知化合物,分别是吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(2)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷(4)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(5)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-半乳糖苷(6)、替告皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-{β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-O-β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷}(8)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(9)。体外抗肿瘤活性实验结果显示化合物5,6,8～10对肝癌HepG2、乳腺癌MCF7和胃癌SGC7901肿瘤细胞毒活性较强。结论玉簪花中的甾体化合物对不同肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒选择性,有一定的抗癌活性,同时利用地上部分的花作为药用资源,可以实现对该药用植物的可持续利用。

Steroidal saponins from f lowers of Hosta plantaginea and their antitumor activities

Objective To study the chemical constituents in the flower of Hosta plantaginea and the anti-tumor activity in vitro. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on HL-60, Jurkat, K562, HepG2, MCF7, and SGC7901 cell lines were tested in vitro by MTT method. Results Ten compounds were isolated including three, the first-found ones (1, 3, 10) and seven known compounds (2, 4-9) in this plant. There are gitogenin (1) , gitogenin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), gitogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), gitogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), gitogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5), gitogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-O-α-L-rh-amnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (6), (25.R)-5α-spirostane-3β-ol (tigogenin) 3-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl (1→4)-O-p-L-rhamnopyranosy (1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (7), gitogenin 3-O-{β-D-gluco-pyranosyl (1→2)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-O-β-D-glucoyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (8), gitogenin 3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (9), and gitogenin 3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-galactopyrano-side} (10). Compounds 5, 6, 8-10 showed the favorable inhibitory effectss on HepG2, MCF7, and SGC7901 cell growth. Conclusion The study suggests that the steroidal saponins from the flower of H. plantaginea have the anti-tumor effects and these cytotoxic activities on different tumor cell lines are various and selective.