种源、产地及采收树龄对厚朴药材质量的影响

目的:以厚朴酚类和挥发油类成分为指标,对影响厚朴药材质量的因素进行分析.方法:以厚朴和凹叶厚朴主产区所产的不同树龄厚朴/凹叶厚朴为研究对象,用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取样品中的挥发油,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油进行指纹图谱定性和β-桉叶醇含量测定;采用高效液相色谱技术,对厚朴酚类成分进行指纹图谱定性和含量测定.结果:厚朴和凹叶厚朴的液相色谱指纹图谱有7个相同的特征峰,气相色谱-质谱图谱中有20个相同的特征峰.厚朴样品中厚朴总酚的含量均达到药典要求.同产地不同树龄厚朴/凹叶厚朴样品中厚朴总酚的含量差别不大.湖北恩施产厚朴中厚朴总酚的含量较其他产地厚朴样品高,浙江丽水产凹叶厚朴中厚朴总酚的含量较其他产地凹叶厚朴样品低.厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的比例基本上大于0.7,凹叶厚朴基本上小于0.7.厚朴中和厚朴酚质量分数(平均值2.89%)明显比凹叶厚朴(平均值0.78%)高.在挥发油方面,树龄小的厚朴和凹叶厚朴样品中β-桉叶醇含量较树龄高者少.结论:产地和生长年限的不同对厚朴质量影响不大,种源是影响厚朴药材质量的主要因素.

Effects of tree ages and geographic area on quality of bark of Magnolia officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba

The effects of tree ages and geographic area on quality of bark of Magnolia officinalis (MO) and M. officinalis var. biloba (MOB) were studied. The volatile oils of samples extracted by a water stream distillation method were analyzed using a GC/MS method. The non-volatile ingredients of samples were tested by an HPLC method. Seven and twenty characteristic peaks were detected in the HPLC and GC fingerprint of MO, respectively, and the similar HPLC and GC fingerprint were detected in the case of MOB. For samples collected in the same geographic area with different ages, the concentrations of active ingredients varied little, whereas for those samples collected from different geographic area, differences on the concentrations of active ingredients were observed, for example, the concentrations of the amount of magnolol and honokiol in samples collected in Hubei Province were higher than those in other areas. Big differences on the concentrations of active ingredients were found between MO and MOB, for MO, the ratio of honokiol/ magnolol was more than 0.7, whereas the ratio was less than 0.7 in the case of MOB, and the concentrations of honokiol in MO were higher than those in MOB.