青少年自我伤害和自杀倾向现状及与健康相关行为的关联性

目的 了解青少年自我伤害和自杀倾向现状，分析其与运动、饮食行为的关联性，为开展健康教育和行为干预提供依据。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法随机抽取上海市闵行区的小学、初中、高中和职高共计11 661名学生进行匿名问卷调查。采用卡方检验分析相关因素的分布特征，多因素非条件Logistic回归分析自杀倾向的危险因素。结果 自杀倾向报告率为14.2%，其中青春期前期的报告率为11.3%，中期的报告率为17.1%，后期的报告率为18.4%。Logistic回归分析显示，自杀倾向的影响因素有：和父母生活在一起、不健康饮食行为、体重超重、受欺侮（OR=1.93）、感到孤独（OR=2.84）、因学习压力而不愉快（OR=1.85）、失眠（OR=1.88）、离家出走（OR=8.67）、青春期阶段（中期OR=1.40，后期OR=1.23）及成绩描述等。自杀倾向的危险因素有：青春期阶段（中期OR=1.40，后期OR=1.23）、不健康饮食行为（OR=1.22）、体重超重（OR=1.20）、受欺侮（OR=1.93）、感到孤独（OR=2.84）、因学习压力而不愉快（OR=1.85）、失眠（OR=1.88）、离家出走（OR=8.67）；自杀倾向的保护因素有：和父母生活在一起（OR=0.82）、男性（OR=0.70）和成绩描述为好和中等（OR=0.80和0.82）。结论 上海市闵行区青少年的自杀倾向低；影响青少年自杀倾向的因素主要集中在离家出走和感到孤独上，相关部门应对青少年进行相应的心理健康教育，采取综合干预措施，提高青少年的整体健康水平。

Correlation between current situation of self-injury and suicide behaviors and relevant health behaviors among adolescents

Objective To study the incidence and influencing factors of self-injury and suicide behaviors,and to provide evidence for the further health education and intervention measures. Methods A total of 11, 661 students from primary school, junior high school, senior high school and vocational high school in Minhang district of Shanghai were randomly selected by stratified cluster random sampling method,and interviewed with anonymous questionnaires. Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of related factors, and multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of suicide behaviors. Results The reported suicide behaviors rate was 14.2%, including 11.3% in the early adolescence,17.1% in the middle adolescence and 18.4% in the late adolescence.The results of the Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors of suicide behaviors contains:adolescence(middle OR=1.40, late OR=1.23), unhealthy diet(OR=1.22), overweight(OR=1.20), school bullying(OR=1.93), feel lonely(OR=2.84), unhappy due to learning pressure(OR=1.85), insomnia(OR=1.88), running away from home(OR=8.67). The protective factors of suicide behaviors contains:living with parents(OR=0.82), grades described as good and moderate(OR=0.80 and 0.82). Conclusions The proportion of teenagers with suicide behaviors in Minhang district is low. Factors affecting suicidal behaviors of adolescents mainly focus on running away from home and feeling lonely.Relevant departments should carry out corresponding mental health education for teenagers and take comprehensive intervention measures to improve their overall health.