2018—2020年金湖县城区学龄前儿童视力筛查结果分析

目的了解金湖县学龄前儿童视力筛查情况,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2018—2020年金湖县城区7所幼儿园学龄前儿童19390名,采用美国伟伦公司Sure Sight手持式筛查仪进行屈光度检查。结果2018—2020年金湖县学龄前儿童屈光正常率、屈光可疑率、屈光异常率分别为80.95%、8.13%和10.91%,2020年屈光异常率(12.19%)高于前两年(10.47%、10.06%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.033,P<0.01)。屈光异常主要为远视和单纯性散光,分别占49.86%和47.83%。男、女童屈光异常率分别为10.84%和10.99%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.113,P=0.743)。3岁、4岁和5~6岁儿童屈光异常率分别为6.18%、9.93%和12.00%,随着年龄增加屈光异常率明显提高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=69.002,P<0.01)。远视、近视和单纯性散光检出率均随年龄增加而升高,各年龄间远视和单纯性散光检出率差异有统计学意义(χ_(远视)^(2)=95.768;χ_(散光)^(2)=9.922,P<0.01)。结论金湖县学龄前儿童屈光异常率较高,应提高儿童保健水平,加强视力筛查,采取干预措施,保障儿童视力健康发育。

Analysis of vision screening results of preschool children in Jinhu County from 2018 to 2020

Objective To understand the vision screening status of preschool children in Jinhu County, so as to provide the scientific evidence for formulating the effective prevention and control measures. Methods A total of 19 390 preschool children from 7 kindergartens in Jinhu County from 2018 to 2020 were selected, and their diopters were examined by SureSight hand-held screening instrument made in Wellen Company of US. Results From 2018 to 2020, the normal refractive rate, suspicious refractive rate and abnormal refractive rate of the preschool children in Jinhu County were 80.95%, 8.13% and 10.91% respectively. The incidence of ametropia in 2020 was 12.19%, which was higher than those in the previous two years: 10.47% and 10.06%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=17.033, P<0.01). Hyperopia and simple astigmatism accounted for 49.86% and 47.83% respectively. There was no significant difference between boys and girls (10.84% and 10.99%, χ2=0.113, P=0.743). The incidences of ametropia were 6.18%, 9.93% and 12.00% in 3-, 4- and 5-6-years old children, respectively. With the increase of age, the incidence of ametropia increased significantly (χ2=69.002, P<0.01). The incidence of hyperopia, myopia and simple astigmatism increased with age, and there were significant differences in the incidences of hyperopia and simple astigmatism among different ages (χhyperopia2=95.768;χastigmatism2=9.922, P<0.01). Conclusion The incidence of ametropia of preschool children in Jinhu County is high. Therefore, we should improve the level of children‘s health care, strengthen vision screening, and take intervention measures to ensure the healthy development of children‘s vision.