杭州地区门诊哮喘患儿比例与PM2.5和气温的相关性研究

目的 研究杭州地区门诊儿童哮喘流行病学特征及其与PM2.5和气温的关系,为哮喘的预防控制提供依据。方法 收集2015-2019年浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院门诊哮喘患儿就诊信息,采集2015-2019年每日的天气信息记录并和哮喘门诊量进行相关性分析。结果 2015-2019年,本院门诊有784 137例患儿被诊断为哮喘,3岁以下患儿是哮喘的主要人群,占总人数的49.66%,7岁以下儿童占总人数的84.38%;秋冬季节的哮喘发病率明显高于其他季节。哮喘就诊患儿的门诊数量和PM2.5浓度和气温存在相关性,与PM2.5浓度呈正相关(r＝0.237,P<0.001),而与日最高气温(r=-0.436)、日最低气温(r＝-0.418)、日温差(r=-0.433)、日平均气温(r=-0.433)均呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论 学龄前儿童哮喘发生率更高,患儿家长应该在气温较低和PM2.5较高的秋冬季节密切关注患儿的身体情况,防止重型哮喘疾病的发生。

Study on the correlation between the proportion of outpatient children with asthma and PM2.5 and temperature in Hangzhou

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of asthma in outpatients in Hangzhou and its relationship with PM2.5 and temperature, so as to provide basis for clinical prevention and control. Methods The outpatient data of children with asthma in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2015 to 2019 and the daily weather information from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively collected, and its correlation was analyzed. Results From 2015 to 2019, a total of 784137 children were diagnosed with asthma in this outpatient department.Children under 3 years old were the main population of asthma, accounting for 49.66%.And children under 7 years old accounted for 84.38%.The prevalence of asthma in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons.The number of outpatients was positively related to PM2.5 concentration in children with asthma(r＝0.237,P<0.001), but was negatively correlated with daily maximum temperature(r＝-0.436),daily minimum temperature(r=-0.418),daily temperature difference(r=-0.433),daily mean temperature(r=-0.433)(P<0.001). Conclusions Preschool children have a higher incidence of asthma.Parents are supposed to pay close attention to physical condition of children in autumn and winter with lower temperature and higher PM2.5 so as to prevent the occurrence of severe asthma disease.