生命历程健康发展模型及其启示

生命历程健康发展模型作为健康科学领域前沿的理论模型，超越了先前的生物医学和生物心理社会模型，其从“过程”、“关系”、“系统”等多个角度，将健康视为一种在生命历程中不断动态变化的能力，并突出了优化个体健康发展轨迹和健康促进的重要性。该模型认为，应该从发展的角度去理解健康，健康发展具有展开性、复杂性、时机性、可塑性、充分性以及和谐性等特征。因此，健康研究及实践应转变思路，由过去仅仅关注精准诊断和治疗、疾病溯源等转变为充分利用人类发展的相对可塑性，通过在生命历程的各个阶段，增强健康发展能力和丰富健康资源，促进生理、心理、行为和文化等健康发展系统和谐平衡。基于上述理论，建议我国现阶段卫生事业：①加强生命全周期的健康教育，构建符合我国实际的健康促进模式；②重视生命早期的健康促进和疾病预防；③加大对健康促进和健康教育的投入，而不仅仅是疾病治疗的投入。

The life course health development model: a new approach to understanding human health

The life course health development (LCHD) model is a cutting-edge theoretical model for the health science, which moves beyond the previous biomedical and biopsychosocial model. From the perspectives of “process, relationship and system”, it recognizes health as a dynamic ability to change over the course of life, and highlights the importance of optimizing individual health trajectories and health promotion. According to LCHD model, we should understand health from the perspective of development, which is characterized by unfolding, complexity, timing, plasticity, thriving and harmony. Health research and practice, therefore, should change ideas from the focus on accurate diagnosis, treatment and etiology previously to full using the relative plasticity of human development to enhance health development ability, enrich health resources and promote the healthy development of physiology, psychology, behavior and culture system; and to achieve a harmonious balance in the different stages of the life course. Based on the LCHD model, it is suggested for our country’s health service system (1) to strengthen the health education across the life-span and construct the health promotion model based on the social system; (2) to pay more attention to health promotion and disease prevention in early life; (3) to increase government spending on health promotion and prevention, not just on disease treatment.