2021年石嘴山市儿童青少年近视现况及其影响因素分析

目的: 了解石嘴山市儿童青少年近视现况及其影响因素,为政府职能部门制定近视防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法: 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取三县区儿童青少年进行视力检查、屈光检测和问卷调查。结果: 2021年石嘴山市儿童青少年总体近视率为49.1 %,女生近视率高于男生(P＜0.05);近视率随着学龄增长呈上升趋势。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响视力的主要因素有性别、在校每天做眼保健操次数、课间休息场所、每天移动电子设备使用情况和遗传情况,其中性别为男、在校每天做眼保健操2次及以上、每天不使用移动电子设备与近视发生呈负相关,课间休息场所为教学楼内和遗传情况与近视发生呈正相关(P＜0.01)。结论: 石嘴山市儿童青少年近视情况不容乐观,应该通过政府主导,卫生及教育系统、家庭、学生及社会共同努力,采取综合防控措施保护学生视力。

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among children and adolescents of Shizuishan in 2021

Objective: To explore the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among children and adolescents in Shizuishan, China, to provide scientific basis for the government to formulate the prevention and control strategies and measures of myopia. Methods: With the method of multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling adopted, the children and adolescents in three counties of Shizuishan were selected for visual acuity examination, refractive examination and questionnaire investigation. Results: The total myopia rate of children and adolescents in Shizuishan in 2021 was 49.1 % , the myopia rate of girls higher than that of boys (P＜0.05). The rate of myopia increased with the increase of school age. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting visual acuity were gender, the times of doing eye-care exercises in school every day, the place of rest between classes, the use of mobile electronic devices every day and genetic condition. Among the factors, being male, doing eye exercises twice or more every day in school, and not using mobile electronic devices every day were negatively correlated with the occurrence of myopia, while there was a positive correlation between the occurrence of myopia and taking rests in the teaching building and genetic status (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The situation of myopia among children and adolescents in Shizuishan is not optimistic. Comprehensive Prevention and control measures should be taken to protect the eyesight of students through government-led efforts, and the joint efforts of the health and education system, families, students and society.