阿尔茨海默病的PET分子影像学研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种好发于老年人的神经退行性疾病，是痴呆最常见的原因，发病隐匿且临床表现缺乏特异性，早期诊断困难。目前，基于生物标志物的AT(N)诊断框架使AD诊断的准确性明显提高。随着学科交叉融合的广泛推进，分子影像学展现出巨大潜力，是未来医学影像发展的趋势。PET显像可以在细胞和分子水平对活体内AD的病理过程进行定位和定量，是诊断AD重要的影像学手段，针对AD葡萄糖代谢和病理机制的多种示踪剂的研发有助于更好地研究AD的发病本质。本综述将对以淀粉样蛋白、Tau蛋白、葡萄糖、神经炎症、突触密度、神经递质为靶标的PET显像在AD诊断中的研究进展进行归纳阐述。

Advances in PET molecular imaging of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the elderly and is the most common cause of dementia. The insidious onset and lack of specificity of clinical presentation make early diagnosis difficult. Currently, the biomarker-based AT(N) diagnostic framework has led to a significant improvement in the accuracy of AD diagnosis. With the extensive promotion of cross- fertilization of disciplines, molecular imaging shows great potential and is the future development trend of medical imaging. PET imaging can localize and quantify the pathological process of AD in vivo at the cellular and molecular levels, and is an important imaging tool for the diagnosis of AD. The development of multiple tracers targeting AD glucose metabolism and pathological mechanisms can help to better study the nature of AD pathogenesis. This review will summarize the research advances in PET imaging targeting amyloid, Tau protein, glucose, neuroinflammation, synaptic density, and neurotransmitters in the diagnosis of AD.