福州市某高校学生不良饮食行为及其影响因素研究

目的 对福州市某高校大学生不良饮食行为现状及其影响因素进行调研分析,为大学生开展营养教育提供参考依据。方法 采取整群抽样法对福州市某高校1 036名在校大学生进行饮食行为的问卷调查。结果 有977人(94.3%)具有不良饮食行为,760人(73.4%)存在两种以上不良饮食行为问题。女生的不良饮水(87.78%)与零食行为(42.60%)高于男生(χ2=7.482,P=0.006; χ2=6.356,P=0.012),医学生的不良早餐行为(14.04%)和过度食用垃圾食品行为(38.39%)明显少于非医学生(χ2=18.303,P=0.000;χ2=7.167,P=0.007),大四及以上的学生过度食用垃圾食品行为(60.47%)和其他年级比较具有统计学意义(Z=-2.362,P=0.018),母亲文化程度仅与大学生的不良早餐行为有关(Z=-1.99,P=0.046),大学生的生活费水平与不良早餐、过度食用垃圾食品、不良夜宵、不良零食行为的发生都密切相关(Z=-3.826,P=0.000;Z=-4.367,P=0.000;Z=-3.089,P=0.002;Z=-3.463,P=0.001)。多因素回归分析表明月生活费水平为大学生综合不良饮食行为的危险因素。结论 福州市某高校大学生不良饮食行为普遍存在,加强大学生合理营养、均衡膳食知识健康教育是极为必要的。

Research of status and influencing factors of unhealthy dietary behaviors among college students in a university in Fuzhou City

Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo and main influencing factors of unhealthy dietary behaviors among college students in a university in Fuzhou City, in order to provide references for nutrition education among college students. Methods By cluster sampling method, 1 036 college students in a university in Fuzhou City were selected and investigated by questionnaires. Results A total of 977 (94.3%) respondents had unhealthy dietary behaviors, and 760 (73.4%) respondents had more than two unhealthy dietary behaviors. The girls had more bad water-drinking behaviors (87.78%) and more bad snack eating habits (42.60%) than the boys had (χ2=7.482, P=0.006; χ2=6.356, P=0.012); the medical students had less bad breakfast behavior (14.04%) and less excessive eating junk food behavior than the non-medical students had (38.39%) (χ2=18.303, P<0.001; χ2=7.167, P=0.007); the senior students had more junk-food eating behavior (60.47%) than the other grade students had (Z=-2.362, P=0.018). The educational degree of mothers was only related to the bad breakfast behavior of college students (Z=-1.99, P=0.046). The living expenses of college students were closely related to the occurrence of bad breakfast, excessive consumption of junk food, bad midnight snacks and bad snacks behaviors (Z=-3.826, P=0.000; Z=-4.367, P=0.000; Z=-3.089, P=0.002; Z=-3.463, P=0.001 ). The multivariate regression analysis showed that the monthly living cost level was the risk factor of comprehensive unhealthy dietary behaviors of the college students. Conclusion The unhealthy dietary behaviors of college students in the university in Fuzhou City are common. It is very necessary to strengthen the health education about reasonable nutrition and balanced diet in college students.