类风湿关节炎肺部受累胸部高分辨CT影像学分析

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)肺部受累患者胸部高分辨CT(HRCT)的影像学分型,提高对RA肺部受累影像表现的认识。方法 收集161例确诊RA伴肺部受累的病例,回顾性分析患者的胸部HRCT影像学表现,并结合病史、肺部活检病理、肺泡灌洗或肺功能检查等将RA相关肺部病变(RA-LD)进行影像学分型,并比较其临床特点。结果 161例RA-LD患者男56例、女105例,确诊RA-LD时平均年龄(60.7±12.8)岁(14~85岁),包括寻常型间质性肺炎(UIP)样改变87例、非特异性间质性肺炎(NSIP)样改变44例、机化性肺炎样改变10例、淋巴细胞性肺炎样改变7例、小气道病变(SAD)9例、其他表现4例。UIP样改变组平均年龄最大(63.3±12.1)岁]、吸烟比率最高(41.4%),SAD及其他组平均年龄最小(54.7±15.1)岁]且均无吸烟史,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.020,P<0.001)。70例(43.5%)RA-LD患者合并胸膜病变。结论 RA累及肺部影像学表现多样,最主要的表现是间质性改变,以UIP和NSIP样改变为主;RA患者应尽早做肺HRCT以了解肺部受累与否及相关类型。

Chest High-resolution Computed Tomography Imaging Features of Lung Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective To explore the chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated with pulmonary involvement. Methods Totally 161 patients with RA with lung involvement were collected from June 2014 to May 2018. The chest HRCT findings were retrospectively analyzed. According to the imaging features as well as the results of history taking,pulmonary function test,pathology,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid test,RA-related lung diseases (RA-LD) were classified and their clinical characteristics were compared. Results These 161 RA-LD patients (56 males and 105 females) whose mean age at diagnosis was (60.7±12.8) years (14-85 years) included 87 cases of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (including 16 cases of possible UIP),44 cases of non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP),10 cases of organizing pneumonia,7 cases of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia,9 cases of small airway disease (SAD) (including 8 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans and 1 case of follicular bronchiolitis),and 4 other lung manifestations (including 3 cases of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and 1 case of rheumatoid nodules). The UIP group had the oldest average age (63.3±12.1) years old] and the highest smoking rate (41.4%). The SAD group had the youngest average age (54.7±15.1) years old] and there was no smoking history. There were significant differences between these two groups (P=0.020,P<0.001). Seventy patients (43.5%) with RA-LD were complicated with pleural lesions. Conclusions RA involving the lung is common and has varied imaging manifestations,with interstitial lung diseases (mainly UIP and NSIP) being the most important manifestations. RA patients should undergo lung HRCT as early as possible to identify the lung involvement and related types.