自制颈椎牵引体位垫在颈椎骨折伴脱位颅骨牵引治疗中的应用

目的探讨自行设计的颈椎牵引体位垫在颈椎骨折脱位颅骨牵引治疗中的临床应用效果。方法选取2016年1月至2020年2月安徽省阜阳市人民医院骨科脊柱创伤病区收治的64例外伤导致颈椎骨折脱位需行颅骨牵引治疗的病人，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组32例。其中对照组在行颅骨牵引时使用传统巾卷垫于颈部，肩背部垫棉被或浴巾等物品，使胸背部抬高。观察组采用自行设计的颈椎牵引体位垫。观察并收集牵引过程次日、第4天、末次观察时SF-McGill量表评估的牵引治疗过程中病人的疼痛程度、Ⅰ期压力性损伤发生率、舒适度，统计分析其差异性。结果SF-McGill量表评分，观察组与对照组在牵引次日差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），在第4天及末次观察中，观察组低于对照组（P < 0.01）。观察组压力性损伤发生率低于对照组，舒适度评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论自制颈椎牵引体位垫在病人牵引治疗中较传统填充可减轻病人疼痛程度，减少皮肤压力性损伤的发生，提高病人牵引过程中的舒适度。

Application value of self-made cervical traction pad in the skull traction treatment of cervical fracture complicated with dislocation

ObjectiveTo investigate the application effects of self-made cervical traction pad in the skull traction treatment of cervical fracture complicated with dislocation.MethodsA total of 64 patients with cervical vertebra fracture complicated with dislocation caused by exceptional injury and requiring skull traction treatment in the Department of Orthopedics Spinal Trauma in Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui province from January 2016 to February 2020 were investigated, and randomly divided into the observation group and control group(32 cases in each group). The control group was treated with the traditional towel roll to pad the neck and quilts or bath towels to pad the shoulder and back for raising the chest and back during skull traction. The observation group was treated with the self-designed cervical traction pad. The SF-McGill scale was used to evaluate the pain degree, incidence of stage Ⅰ stress injury and comfort level of patients on the next day, fourth day and last observation during traction treatment, and the differences of which were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe difference of the SF-McGill scale score on the second day of traction was not statistically between two groups(P > 0.05), and the SF-McGill scale scores in observation group on the fourth day and last observation of traction were lower than that in control group(P < 0.01). The incidence rate of stress injury and comfort score in observation group were lower and higher than that in control group, respectively(P < 0.01).ConclusionsCompared with traditional filling, the self-made cervical traction pad can reduce the pain degree and occurrence of skin pressure injury, and improve the comfort level of patients in the process of traction.