2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情期间公众媒体暴露及其与心理健康的关系

目的 了解突发公共卫生事件中公众媒体暴露程度与心理健康状态，为健康传播途径和健康教育内容与方向的优化提供依据。方法 采用横断面研究，设计并发放结构化自填电子问卷，于2020年1月31日-2月2日通过网络收集≥ 18岁中国公民的公众媒体暴露、健康行为认知情况、心理健康状态等信息。使用χ²检验和Logistic回归进行统计分析。结果 共收集有效问卷4 827份，其中男性占32.3%，现居湖北者占2.7%，年龄18~85岁，平均（32.32±9.98）岁。疫情信息媒体暴露在每天3 h以上和1 h以下的分别占38.4%和22.7%。焦虑比例为53.3%，重度焦虑比例为9.6%，抑郁比例为48.3%。媒体暴露越高，预防措施越完备（ρ=0.091，P<0.001），风险认知越高（ρ=0.04，P=0.008），自我效能增强（ρ=0.07，P<0.001）。媒体暴露3 h以上中度焦虑以上风险是媒体暴露1 h以内的1.30（95% CI：1.09~1.58）倍；抑郁的风险是媒体暴露1 h以内的1.23（95% CI：1.05-1.43）倍。结论 媒体暴露会影响公众心理健康，增加焦虑、抑郁风险，在防控疫情的同时要注重对公众心理健康的疏导。

The relationship between media exposure and mental health problems during COVID-19 outbreak

Objective To examine the media exposure and mental health status during public health emergencies and provide the basis for health communication and health education. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese citizens aged ≥ 18 by a designed and distributed structured self-filling electronic questionnaire.Individual's media exposure,health behavior cognition,mental health status and other information were collected during Jan 31 to Feb 2,2020.Chi-square tests and Logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. Results Among 4 827 participants with an average age of (32.32±9.98) years old (ranging 18-85 years old),32.3% of participants were males,2.7% from Hubei Province. Media exposure was 38.4% for more than 3 hours per day and 22.7% for less than 1 hour. Prevalence of anxiety and major anxiety were 53.3% and 9.6%.Prevalence of depression was 48.3%.Higher media exposure was associated with more complete preventive measures taken (ρ=0.091,P<0.001),higher risk perception (ρ=0.04,P=0.008),and higher self-efficacy (ρ=0.07,P<0.001).The odds ratio of anxiety and depression in participants with more than 3 hours of media exposure were 1.30 (95%CI:1.09-1.58) times and 1.23 (95%CI:1.05-1.43) times respectively compared to those with less than 1 hour of media exposure per day. Conclusion Mass media exposure can lead to the public mental health problems,so attention should be paid to public mental health while dealing with public health emergencies.