口腔扁平苔藓与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病共存的免疫机制探讨

口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）是一种病因尚未完全明确的慢性炎症性口腔黏膜疾病。自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）是一类以甲状腺特异性抗体异常增多为特点的自身免疫性疾病。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，临床上 OLP 患者伴发 AITD 的概率呈上升趋势。两者的发生发展可能与口腔角质形成细胞表达甲状腺自身抗原、辅助性 T 细胞（Th）1/Th2 和 Th17/调节性T 细胞亚群的失衡、滤泡 Th 细胞和趋化因子数量及功能异常以及 CD8⁺ T 细胞特异性杀伤靶细胞等有关。本文就 OLP 与 AITD 可能共存的免疫机制作一综述，以期从免疫学角度为两者的诊疗提供思路。

Immune mechanisms involved in the coexistence of oral lichen planus and autoimmune thyroid diseases

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease with unclear etiology. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is a type of autoimmune disease characterized by increased thyroid-specific antibodies. In recent years, more and more studies have found that the incidence of AITD is increased in OLP patients. The occurrence and development of OLP and AITD may be related to the expression of thyroid autoantigen in oral keratinocytes, the imbalance of thyroid hormone （Th）1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell subsets, the abnormal quantity and function of follicular helper T cells and chemokines and the specific killing ability of CD8⁺ T cells to target cells. In this article, the possible immune mechanisms involved in the coexistence of OLP and AITD are reviewed to provide insights for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these two diseases from the perspective of immunology.