Thermosensitive hydrogels for nasal drug delivery: The formulation and characterisation of systems based on N-trimethyl chitosan chloride |
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Authors: | H NazarDG Fatouros SM van der MerweN Bouropoulos G Avgouropoulos J TsibouklisM Roldo |
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Institution: | a School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK b Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras, Greece c Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece |
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Abstract: | Towards the development of a thermosensitive drug-delivery vehicle for nasal delivery, a systematic series of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride polymers, synthesised from chitosans of three different average molecular weights, have been co-formulated into a hydrogel with poly(ethylene glycol) and glycerophosphate. Rheological evaluations have shown that hydrogels derived from N-trimethyl chitosan with a low degree of quaternisation and high or medium average molecular weight exhibit relatively short sol-gel transition times at physiologically relevant temperatures. Also, the same hydrogels display good water-holding capacity and strong mucoadhesive potential, and their mixtures with mucus exhibit rheological synergy. An aqueous hydrogel formulation, derived from N-trimethyl chitosan of medium average molecular weight and low degree of quaternisation, appears particularly promising in that it exhibits most favourable rheological and mucoadhesive behaviour and a sol-gel transition that occurs at 32.5 °C within 7 min. |
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Keywords: | Chitosan N-trimethyl chitosan chloride Thermosensitive Mucoadhesion Hydrogel Nasal drug delivery |
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