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Association of plasma markers of cholesterol homeostasis with metabolic syndrome components. A cross-sectional study |
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| Authors: | M Cofán V Escurriol AL García-OtínC Moreno-Iribas N Larrañaga MJ Sánchez MJ Tormo ML RedondoCA González D Corella M Pocoví F Civeira E Ros |
| Institution: | a Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain c Lipid Unit and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain d Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain e CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), ISCIII, Spain f Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Preventive Medicine, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain g Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa, Spain h Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain i Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain j Public Health Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain k Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain l RTIC RD06/0020, ISCIII, Spain m Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain n Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain o CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), ISCIII, Spain p RTIC C06/01(RECAVA), ISCIII, Spain |
| Abstract: | Background and aimsIncreased plasma phytosterols, which reflect enhanced cholesterol absorption, have been related to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, high CVD risk conditions, such as obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been associated with reduced cholesterol absorption. We investigated associations between plasma noncholesterol sterols and MetS components.Methods and resultsWith a cross-sectional design, we related MetS components to plasma noncholesterol sterol-to-cholesterol ratios measured by gas chromatography in 674 dyslipidemic patients and 361 healthy subjects participating in a prospective cohort study.Plasma phytosterol-to-cholesterol ratios were inversely associated with all components of the MetS. In the dyslipidemic group, multivariable analyses showed that a 1-SD increase in sitosterol-to-cholesterol ratio was associated with a reduced risk for any MetS feature, ranging from 0.57 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.71) for visceral adiposity to 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98) for high blood pressure. The risk of having MetS was nearly halved, with ORs of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.64) or 0.56 (95% CI, 0.44-0.70), depending on the definition. Results were opposed for plasma lathosterol, a marker of cholesterol synthesis. Most findings were reproduced in the healthy cohort. ApoE genotype was unrelated to plasma noncholesterol sterols.ConclusionIn both dyslipidemic and healthy populations, MetS is associated with increased plasma lathosterol, a cholesterol synthesis marker, and decreased plasma sitosterol, a marker of cholesterol absorption. Elevated plasma phytosterols related to a lower frequency of cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting that they are associated with a reduced CVD risk. |
| Keywords: | Cholesterol metabolism Metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular risk factors Adiposity Lipids and lipoproteins Phytosterols Lathosterol |
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