抗洪抢险中大规模应用吡喹酮防治急性血吸虫病

1995年夏季江苏省长江沿线遭受洪水侵袭，50余万军民参加抗洪抢险。而长江两岸江滩遍布钉螺，其中四分之一为阳性螺滩，钉螺阳性率为0．1％－11．5％。经系统调查，有50320人在抗洪抢险中接触疫水。于接触疫水后第5wk，48688人（96．7％）服用了吡喹酮。无1例罹患急性血吸虫病。其中在南京市龙潭镇江滩曾有2250名人员下水抢险，一月后全部服用吡喹酮，无1例发生急性血吸虫病，而同期在同一地区，盐城市一运输船队路过，被要求协助抗洪抢险，事后未服吡喹酮，一个多月后，60名船员中45人发生急性血吸虫病。结论：在抗洪抢险中大规模应用吡喹酮防治急性血吸虫病是有效而可行的，副作用轻，经济效益高。

MASS PRAZIQUANTEL CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AGAINST ACUTE SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA IN A FLOOD

There was a flood in the Yangtze River in the summer, 1995. There were an abundance of snail intermediate hosts on marahlands along the Yangtze River and schistosome infected snails were found in one quarter of these marshlands in Jiangsu Province. In these marshlands, the infection rates of the snail were 0.1-11.5%. After a systematic survey, 50 320 people were found having contacted with the infested water. Among them, 48 668(96. 7% )were managed praziquantel in the 5th week after they contacted with the infested water. No one got acute schistosomiasis among the people who had taken praziquantel. In an endemic area named Longdan marshland,Nanjing, 2 250 soldiers and civilians had been soaked in the infested water for three days. They had praziquantel one month later and no one got the disease. However,a group of boat men who just passed the same place at the same time,were in contact with the water and not managed with praziquantel later,45 persons (75 % ) got acute schistosomiasis from one to three months after the water contact. The conclusion is that mass praziquantel chemoprophylaxis against schistosomiasis japonica in a flood is effective and reasonable,the cost-effectiveness is also quite well.