门诊随访与长期住院精神分裂症患者个人和社会功能的对照研究

目的探讨门诊随访与长期住院的精神分裂症患者的个人和社会功能差异及影响因素。方法选取门诊随访和长期住院的精神分裂症患者各63例，分别纳入门诊组和住院组，采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）以及个体和社会功能量表（PSP）进行评定并进行相关性分析。结果住院组患者PANSS总分及各因子分均高于门诊组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），且两组患者的阴性症状分均高于阳性症状分。门诊组患者的PSP总分为（71．17±11．40）分，高于住院组的（50．75±11．61）分，差异有统计学意义（F=46．76，P=0．00）；门诊组PANSS总分、阳性总分、阴性总分、一般精神病理总分与PSP总分呈负相关（r分别为-0．84，-0．57，-0．78，-0．75；P〈0．01）；住院组PANSS总分、阴性症状分、一般精神病理总分与PSP总分呈负相关（r分别为-0．58，-0．53，-0．50；P〈0．01），阳性总分与PSP总分无相关性（r=-0．13，P=0．32）。结论长期住院不利于精神分裂症患者个人和社会功能的康复；建立社区康复可能有效延缓精神残疾的发生。

Study on personal and social function between outpatient follow -- up and long-- term hospitalized schizo- phrenia patients

Objective To investigate the differences of personal and social function between the outpatient follow--up and long--term hospitalized schizophrenia patients and explore its influencing fac- tors. Methods Sixty--three outpatients with schizophrenia and sixty--three long--term hospitalized pa- tients with schizophrenia were recruited. All subjects were assessed with Positive and Negative Symp- toms Scale （PANSS） and Personal and Social Performance scale （PSP）. Correlation analysis was used to analyse these data. Results The total score and factor scores of PANSS of the hospitalized schizophrenia was higher than that of outpatients （P ~ 0. 01）, further, the negative scores were higher than the posi- tive scores in both two groups. The total PSP score of the outpatients was higher than that of the inpa- tients -outpatients： （71.17!11.40）, inpatients： （50.75~ 11.61） ; F = 46.76,P = 0.00]; the total score of PANSS and its positive, negative, general psychopathology symptom scale scores showed signif- icant negative correlation with the total score of PSP in outpatients （r =--0.84, --0.57,--0.78,- 0.75, respectively; P 〈 0.01） ; The total score of PANSS and its negative score, general psychopathology symptom scale scores showed significant negative correlation with the total score of PSP in the inpatients （r =-- 0.58, --0.53,--0.50, respectively; P〈 0.01）, but the positive scores had no relationship with the total scores of PSP in the inpatients （r =-0.13,P = 0.32）. Conclusions Long term hospitalization is not conducive to personal and social function rehabilitation of schizophrenia patients. Community- based rehabilitation can effectively delay the occurrence of the mental disability.