上海市2007年X射线诊断的医疗照射应用频率及其分布

目的]掌握上海市X射线诊断的基本状况及其医疗照射应用频率与分布的发展趋势，为放射诊疗的监督管理和加强医疗照射防护打好基础。方法]优化设计相关调查表，依照行政分区普查上海市开展X射线诊断的1075家医疗机构的基本现状，并按各种X射线诊断检查类型、众多受检者的性别以及年龄组等分别统计各类X射线诊断检查的人次数，以《上海统计年鉴》公布的当年常住人口数计算X射线诊断的医疗照射应用频率。结果]2007年上海市从事X射线诊断的放射工作人员4250名；装备了各类医用诊断X射线机2743台。上海市X射线诊断的医疗照射应用频率达745．44人次／千人口。其中，胸部摄影、胸部透视、x射线CT检查、四肢及关节摄影、脊柱摄影等频率较高，分别占31．33％、17．22％、14．88％、12．39％、7．66％。中心区X射线诊断的应用频率为1018．97人次／千人口，比周边区高93．5％。女性乳腺x射线摄影检查占总检查量的2．17％。0～15岁年龄组的X射线诊断年频率为563．33人次／千人口，其中胸部摄影占56．59％；16～40岁年龄组的x射线诊断年频率为828．42人次／千人口，其中胸部检查超过半数；〉40岁年龄组的X射线诊断年频率为664．48人次／千人口，胸部摄影和X—CT检查分别占32．37％和16．93％。结论]随着国民经济和医疗卫生事业的持续发展，上海市放射学事业发展迅速，新增许多高新放射医学设备，但布局有待进一步调整和完善。全市x射线诊断医疗照射应用频率与“九五”期间相比明显增加。因此，为了实现趋利避害，大力加强医疗照射防护已迫在眉睫。

Frequency Levels and Distribution of Medical Exposure of Diagnostic X-ray Procedures in 2007 in Shanghai

Objective] To grasp the general status and development trend of diagnostic X-ray procedures in Shanghai, to provide a foundation for macro-control of X-ray diagnostic practice, and to strengthen the medical radiation protection. Methods ] The general status of a total of 1 075 medical institutions carrying out X-ray diagnosis in Shanghai was investigated using an optimally designed questionnaire. In accordance with the administrative districts, type of diagnostic X-ray procedures, the gender as well as age group of examinees, and the number of X-ray procedures were respectively counted, and the application frequency was calculated based on the resident population released by Shanghai Statistics Bureau. Results ] A total of 4 250 physicians and 2 743 sets of X-ray equipments were engaged in X-ray diagnostic radiology in 2007 in Shanghai. There were 3.54 physicians per 1000 population, and the total frequency of diagnostic X-ray procedures was 745.44 per 1000 population. Higher frequencies were found in chest radiography, chest fluoroscopy, X-ray CT scans, as well as limbs and joints radiography, with the percentages of 31.33%, 17.22%, 14.88% and 12.39%, respectively. The frequency in urban districts was 93.5%, higher than that in the suburbs. Mammography accounted 2.17% of the total diagnostic X-ray procedures. The frequencies for 0-15 age group, 16-40 age group and older than 40-year-old group were 563.33, 828.42 and 664.48 per 1 000 population, respectively. Conclusion ] With the continuous development of national economy and increasing need for health care, the development of radiology in Shanghai was fast, and a number of high-tech radiology equipments were newly utilized, therefore, the layout of medical resources needs to be further adjusted. The frequency of diagnostic X-ray procedures during the period of the 11^th Five-year Plan significantly increased compared with the data surveyed during the period of the 9th Five-year Plan. This indicates that in order to achieve the principle of best interest