3703例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结13年来开展非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)的临床经验.方法 1996年10月至2008年12月接受OPCAB手术病人3703例,对病人例数变化、年龄及比例、旁路血管移植支数、同期采用术式、预后、并发症发生情况、OPCAB移植血管应用情况等指标进行总结.另外,将病人按年龄分成<45岁、45～60岁、60～75岁及>75岁4组,记录并分析各组乳内动脉应用情况、旁路血管的支数及构成.结果 病人平均每例移植旁路血管(3.3±0.8)支.OPCAB手术的病人数量与比例逐年上升,而左乳内动脉的使用和动静脉混合方式旁路移植占据绝对优势(P<0.05).术后死亡26例(0.7%),病死率逐渐下降.结论 采用切实、可行的外科处理策略、完善的围术期管理结合多项适应病情变化改进与创新的OPCAB术式,使得OPCAB的适应证不断扩大、治愈率逐年提高.

Case series of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting involving 3703 patients

Objective To summarize our experience with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) during previous 13 years. Methods Data from 3703 patients who underwent OPCAB between October 1996 and December 2008 were collected and analyzed in this study. Following perioperative variables were reviewed and evaluated: changes in the number of patients, demographic characteristics of patients, coexisting conditions such as hypertension, and diabetes, grafting options,numbers of grafts per patient, and postoperative complications and clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into four age subgroups: those who were less than 45 years were assigned to group 1, those who were 45 to 60 years were assigned to group 2,those who were 60 to 75 years were assigned to group 3, and those older than 75 years of age were assigned to group 4. Perioperative data, including the use of internal mammary artery and the constituent of the grafts, were collected retrospectively and analyzed. Results Three thousand and twenty-five patients were male (81.7%) and 678 were female ( 18.3% ), mean age was (61.35 ±9.38) years old. The number of patients who underwent OPCAB increased steadily over time. The mean grafts per patient were 3.3 ± 0.8. The use of left internal mammary artery and "hybrid" bypass grafts composed of vein and artery played a predominant role in this cohort (P<0.05) . During this period of 13 years, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP)was performed in 41 patients and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)was required in 12 patients. Main complications included rethoracotomy for bleeding and tamponade in 1.49% of patients, deep sternal wound infection requiring re-exploration in 1.38%, perioperative myocardial infarction in 1.03%, neurological adverse events in 0.62%, tracheotomy in 0.59%, acute renal dysfunction in 0.77%, and other complications in 0.77%. The overall in-hospital mortality was 0.7% (26 of 3703 patients). A trend toward a reduction in morbidity and mortality was shown in this study. Diseases associated with hospital mortality were cardiac sudden death, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, low cardiac output syndrome, severe infection, extensive myocardial infarction and neurological adverse events. Conclusion The indications for OPCAB, an innovative revascularization strategy, have been expanded and the curative rate for OPCAB has been improved in recent years. Appropriate and practical grafting strategies, as well as complete perioperative management, are considered as contributors to the improved outcomes.