The association of alcohol consumption with metabolic syndrome and its individual components: the Taichung community health study |
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| Authors: | Ching-Chu Chen Wen-Yuan Lin Chia-Ing Li Chiu-Shong Liu Tsai-Chung Li Ying-Tzu Chen Chuan-Wei Yang Man-Ping Chang Cheng-Chieh Lin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;3. Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;5. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;6. Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;g Institute of Health Care Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;h Department of Nursing, School of Health, National Taichung University of Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan;i School and Graduate Institute of Health Care Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Alcohol has both adverse and protective effects on the individual components of metabolic syndrome (MS). We hypothesize that alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing MS and that the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages has different effects on the development of MS and its individual components. We enrolled 2358 men for this cross-sectional study. The data were collected from self-reported nutrition and lifestyle questionnaires. Individuals who drank at least once per week for 6 consecutive months were classified as current drinkers. Current drinkers were at a higher risk of developing MS, abdominal obesity, and high triglyceride levels, but they were at a lower risk of developing low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The increased risk of developing MS, high triglyceride, and high fasting glucose levels was dose dependent, whereas low HDL-C levels demonstrated a reverse relationship. The dose needed to reduce the risk of having low HDL-C levels was ≧50 g/d. This dose, however, resulted in an increased risk of developing high fasting glucose and high triglyceride levels. Consuming mixed types of alcohol increased the risk of developing MS and abdominal obesity. Meanwhile, those who drank liquor or wine had a greater risk of developing high triglyceride or high fasting glucose levels, respectively. In conclusion, alcohol consumption dose-dependently increased the risk of developing MS and some of its individual components while dose-dependently decreasing the risk of developing low HDL-C levels. The type of alcoholic beverage had different effects on the development of the individual components of MS. |
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| Keywords: | HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol MR, metabolic syndrome |
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