广东省农村育龄妇女产前保健服务研究

目的了解广东省农村育龄妇女产前保健服务利用现状,探讨妇女产前保健的影响因素。方法利用广东省第三次卫生服务调查数据,研究分析调查时15～49岁农村育龄妇女回顾在1998年1月1日-2003年10月20日最后一次活产时的产前保健服务利用情况。结果全省农村育龄妇女产前检查率85.65%,高于全国农村水平;平均产前检查次数5.14次;产前检查次数≥5次的占48.88%;平均初检孕周13.67周;早孕检查率49.50%,低于全国农村水平。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,影响产前保健利用及时性的主要因素有:文化程度、居住地区、职业和活产次;影响产前保健利用足够性的主要因素有:文化程度、居住地区、经济状况、职业、活产次和家庭离最近医疗点的距离。结论广东省农村育龄妇女产前保健覆盖率扩大,产前检查次数及产前检查次数符合率提高,但早孕检查率下降,早孕检查不受重视;全省不同地区间农村妇女的产前保健服务利用不均衡,非珠三角农村妇女产前保健利用明显不足。建议采取相应措施,提高农村育龄妇女文化程度,加强计划生育管理,提高广东省农村育龄妇女孕产期保健服务利用水平。

Prenatal Health Care of Rural Women of Childbearing-age in Guangdong

Objective To know the current status of prenatal health care among rural women of childbearing-age in Guangdong,and to discuss the influencing factors of prenatal health care.Methods The result of the third public health service investigation in Guangdong was used to retrospectively study the utilization of prenatal health care in the last viable birth from January 1,1998 to October 20,2003 among rural women aged between 15 and 49 years.Results Antenatal examination rate of rural women of childbearing-age in Guangdong was 85.65%,which was higher than the level of the whole countryside.The average times of antenatal examination was 5.14.The times of antenatal examination more than 5 and over accounted for 48.88%.The average gestational week of initial check was 13.63 weeks.The examination rate of early pregnancy was 49.50%,which was lower than the level of the whole countryside.Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors which influenced the utilization of prenatal health care in countryside included educational level,habitation area,occupation,and times of viable birth.The main factors influenced the sufficient utilization of prenatal health care in countryside included educational level,habitation area,financial situation,occupation,times of viable birth and the distance between living place and the nearest hospital.Conclusions The coverage rate of prenatal health care among rural women of childbearing-age in Guangdong is enlarged,and times of prenatal health care and coincidence rate of times of prenatal health care are improved.But the examination rate of early pregnancy is decreased and ignored.The utilization of prenatal health care in different rural areas of Guangdong is disproportioned,and the utilization of prenatal health care in the areas beyond Pearl River Delta in Guangdong is insufficient.It is necessary to take corresponding measures,improve the educational level of rural women of childbearing-age,enhance family planning management,and increase the utilization of prenatal health care in rural women in Guangdong.