肿瘤化疗协同光动力疗法联合免疫治疗的研究进展

近几十年来,恶性肿瘤的发病率越来越高,其发病年龄逐渐低龄化,严重威胁着人类的生命健康.目前,临床上有多种抗肿瘤治疗方法,但单一治疗方法往往达不到最佳治疗效果,因此常采用联合治疗的方法.联合治疗在增强治疗效果的同时还能减少药物的毒副作用,且可减轻患者痛苦.化学治疗(化疗)是临床上常用的治疗方法,但其副作用较大,对肿瘤细胞造成损伤的同时也会对人体正常细胞造成不可逆损伤.光动力疗法是利用特定波长的光激发富集在肿瘤局部的光敏剂,光敏剂被活化,在组织内氧的存在下可发生光动力反应直接或间接杀伤肿瘤细胞.化疗或光动力治疗肿瘤后会产生肿瘤相关抗原,免疫系统识别肿瘤相关抗原后会刺激机体产生特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应,在化疗协同光动力疗法的同时联合免疫治疗,能够有效地提高化疗药物的治疗效果、减少药物毒副作用,同时能抑制肿瘤转移,并可诱导机体产生长期抗肿瘤免疫反应,实现最大化的治疗效果.对近年来化疗、光动力疗法以及免疫治疗的研究现状作一综述.

Research progress on tumor chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy

In recent years,the incidence of malignant tumors continually increased with the trend of younger age in onset age,which pose a serious threat to human health.At present,there are a variety of clinical anti-tumor treatments.However,a single treatment usually cannot achieve the best therapeutic effect.As a result,the combination therapy is often used in clinical practice.Combination therapy not only can enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs,but also can alleviate the pain of patients.Chemotherapy is a commonly used clinical treatment for tumors.However,it can lead to greater side-effects,and cause irreversible damage to normal cells while killing the tumor cells.Photodynamic therapy uses the specific wavelengths of light to excite and activate the photosensitizer enriched in the tumor local.As a result,the tumor cells are killed directly or indirectly by photodynamic reactions with the participation of internal oxygen.Tumorassociated antigen will appear following the chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy.The immune system will stimulate the body to produce specific anti-tumor immune response after identifying the tumor-associated antigens.The combination treatment of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy not only can effectively improve the treatment effect of chemotherapy drugs and reduce drug side effects,inhibit tumor metastasis,but also can induce the production long-term anti-tumor immune response,so as to maximize the treatment effect.In this paper,the progress of the researches on chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy in recent years were summarized.