神经导航下与传统脑室腹腔分流术治疗脑积水的疗效及并发症分析

目的 比较神经导航下行脑室穿刺腹腔引流术与传统脑室-腹腔分流术治疗积水在脑室端分流管放置位置的准确率,以及术后疗效和并发症发生情况.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月-2016年6月收治的脑积水患者40例.术前已征得家属同意,由家属自愿选择手术方式,18例在神经导航下行脑室穿刺腹腔引流术(A组),22例行传统脑室-腹腔分流术治疗(B组),比较两组患者有效率和并发症发生情况,以及在脑室端分流管放置的位置,即游离于侧脑室额角和平齐Moro孔的准确率.结果 所有患者均术后及时复查头颅CT查看脑室端分流管的位置情况,并在患者出院后医院门诊定期随访3～ 24个月.患者术后及时复查头颅CT发现,A组脑室端分流管位置达到设定位置有16例,没有达到设定位置有2例,准确率为88.89％;B组有8例达到设定位置,未达到的有14例,准确率为36.36％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A、B两组总有效率(显效±有效)分别为94.4％和86.4％ (P ＞0.05).术后并发症包括出血、感染、分流管堵塞、分流过度与分流不足等.随访期间,A组出现过度分流1例;B组出现切口感染1例、分流管堵塞4例、过度分流1例、分流不足2例.两组患者经引流管压力调整或者拔管后重新置管后均恢复良好.A组所有并发症发病率为5.56％,B组为36.36％;A组与B组分流不足差异无统计18.18％ (P ＞0.05).结论 学意义(P＞0.05);A组没有出现分流管脑室端堵塞,B组分流管脑室端堵塞出现4例,其发病率为神经导航引导下行侧脑室-腹腔分流术比传统的脑室腹腔分流术在脑室端分流管放置到设定位置的准确率方面有显著的优势,并在减少术后并发症上有一定的优势.

Curative effect and complication of neuronavigation guided puncture ventricle peritoneal shunt and traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus

Objective To compare the accuracy of placement of ventricular shunt tube,the efficacy and complications of the neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group A) and traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group B).Methods A retrospective study was made on 40 cases of hydrocephalus managed with neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt or ventriculoperitoneal shunt from January 2012 to June 2016.There were 18 cases [12 males,6 females;(47.5 ±8.5) years of age] in group A and 22 cases [14 males,8 females;(44.5 ± 7.5) years of age] in group B.Therapeutic effect and complications were analyzed postoperatively.The accuracy rate in ventricular end shunt placement that was free from the frontal horn of lateral ventricle and flush the Moro hole had also been studied.Results The position of ventricular shunt of all the patients were postoperative timely review of the CT view,and hospital outpatient follow-up periodical for 3-24 months after discharge from hospital.Patients with postoperative timely review of head CT and found that group A of ventricular end of the shunt tube position reach a set position in 16 cases,2 cases had not reached the set position,the accuracy rate was 88.89％.There were 8 cases in group B reach to the set position and 14 cases did not and the accuracy rate was 36.36％.After the statistical analysis there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The total efficiency of A and B groups (excellent + effective) were 94.4％ and 86.4％ (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative complications included bleeding,infection,obstruction of the shunt,excessive shunt,shunt insufficiency and so on.During follow-up,group A appeared excessive shunt in 1 case;group B incision infection in 1 case,4 cases of shunt obstruction,excessive shunt in 1 case,2 cases of deficiency of shunt.Two groups of patients were recovery well through the drainage tube pressure adjustment or set it once again.The incidence of complications in group A was 5.56％,group B was 36.36％.There was no significant difference between group A and group B (P ＞ 0.05).In group A,there was no obstruction of shunt tube,ventricular end of the shunt tube blockage occurred in 4 cases in group B,the incidence rate was 18.18％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Neuronavigation guided ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to the accuracy of position setting has significant advantages over traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the ventricular end of the shunt tube and it has some advantages in reducing postoperative complications.