基于纳米递送系统的肿瘤免疫治疗研究进展

近年来,肿瘤免疫治疗发展迅速,相较于其他传统肿瘤治疗方法具有显著优势.肿瘤免疫治疗是通过调动或激发机体自身的免疫功能,从而抑制和杀伤肿瘤细胞.随着纳米技术的发展,生物纳米载体材料为疫苗的开发提供了全新的思路.纳米疫苗是基于纳米技术开发的治疗性或预防性疫苗,大多数肿瘤疫苗包括诱导免疫应答的外源性抗原、递送抗原的载体以及增强免疫原性并加速和延长肿瘤疫苗效果的佐剂.纳米递送载体具有良好的生物相容性和独特的理化性质,能够有效地递送各种抗原,通过调控抗原在抗原提呈细胞内的呈递途径,在激发机体的体液免疫基础上,可以进一步激活抗原特异性的细胞免疫反应.旨在对纳米递送体系在肿瘤疫苗研究中的应用作一综述.

Research progress on nanoparticles as delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy

In recent years,cancer immunotherapy has developed rapidly due to its significant advantages compared with the traditional cancer treatment methods.Tumor immunotherapy aims at mobilizing or stimulating the body's own immune function,thereby inhibiting and killing cancer cells.With the development of nanotechnology,biological nano-carrier materials provide a new insight into the vaccine development.Nano-vaccines are therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines based on nanotechnology including exogenous antigens for inducing immune responses,vectors delivering antigens,and adjuvants for enhancing immunogenicity and accelerating and prolonging the availability of cancer vaccines.Nano-delivery vectors have good biocompatibility as well as unique physical and chemical properties.They can effectively deliver the antigens,and further activated the immune response of antigenspecific cellulars based on the activation of the body's humoral immunity by regulating the presentation pathways in the antigen-presenting cells.In this paper,the applications of nano-delivery systems in cancer vaccine research were summarized.