北京市街头无偿献血者人群结构分析

目的 探讨北京市街头无偿献血者人群结构,为本市采供血机构招募街头无偿献血者提供参考.方法 选择2013年1月至2015年12月,于中国人民解放军总医院街头采血车无偿献血的9 408例街头无偿献血者为研究对象.根据街头无偿献血者填写的《无偿献血登记表》中的性别、年龄、无偿献血时间资料,以及血液初筛结果中的血型结果,采用Excel软件分别对不同性别、年龄段、ABO血型,以及献血月份的无偿献血者人数进行统计.采用统计学方法比较2013-2015年北京市街头无偿献血者的性别、年龄及ABO血型构成比.结果 ①2013-2015年9 408例北京市街头无偿献血者中,男性献血者为6 327例(67.3％),女性为3 081例(32.7％),男、女性献血者比例为2.1∶1;2013-2015年无偿献血者性别构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.30,P=0.316).②本组无偿献血者中,以年龄为18～40岁青、壮年无偿献血者为主,所占比例为77.3％(7 271/9 408),年龄为＞50～59岁的老年无偿献血者构成比呈逐年增加趋势.2013-2015年,各年龄段构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=35.45,P＜0.001).③本组无偿献血者中,O型、B型、A型、AB型无偿献血者所占比例依次下降,分别为31.1％(2 928/9 408)、32.7％(3 073/9 408)、25.9(2 433/9 408)、10.3％(974/9 408).2013-2015年,各ABO血型构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=6.73,P=0.347).④2013-2015年,每年3至5月为北京市街头无偿献血的高峰期,而每年1至2月为街头无偿献血的低谷期,6至9月街头无偿献血人数相对稳定.结论 北京市街头无偿献血者以青、壮年献血者为主,街头无偿献血呈“季节性”变化规律.建立适应无偿献血者人群结构特点的招募方法,在无偿献血高峰季积极组织各种献血活动,有利于推动街头采血工作健康发展.

Analysis on population structure of street voluntary blood donors in Beijing

Objective To explore the population structure of street voluntary blood donors in Beijing,in order to provide reference for the recruitment of street voluntary blood donation of blood collection and supply institutions in Beijing.Methods From January 2013 to December 2015,a total of 9 408 street voluntary blood donors who donated blood on blood collecting vehicles of the Chinese PLA General Hospital were selected as research objects.According to the records of gender,age,blood donation time which filled in the Blood Donation Registration Form and the ABO blood type results of blood preliminary screening,the number of street voluntary blood donors in different gender,age,ABO blood type,and month of blood donation were calculated by Excel software,respectively.Meanwhile,statistical methods were used to compare the differences of gender ratios,age composition ratios and ABO blood type composition ratios of street voluntary blood donors from 2013 to 2015.Results ① There were 6 327 (67.3％) male donors and 3 081 (32.7 ％) female donors in 9 408 street voluntary blood donors in Beijing from 2013 to 2015.The male donors were more than female,and the ratio of male and female donors was 2.1 ∶ 1.There was no significant difference in gender ratios among the 3 years (x2 =2.30,P=0.316).② Street voluntary blood donors were dominated by young adults in the age of 18 to 40 years old,but the proportion of elderly donors increased year by year in the age of ＞ 50-59 years old.There was a significant difference in the age composition ratios of street voluntary blood donors among the 3 years (x2 =35.45,P＜0.001).③ The proportion of street voluntary blood donors with O type,B type,A type,AB type decreased gradually and the population ratio of each blood type was 31.1％ (2 928/9 408),32.7％ (3 073/9 408),25.9(2 433/9 408) and 10.3％ (974/9 408),respectively.There was no significant difference in composition ratios of street voluntary blood donors with different ABO blood types among the 3 years (x2=6.73,P=0.347).④ From 2013 to 2015,the peak period of street voluntary blood donation in Beijing was from March to May in each year,the low period was from January to February in each year,and the number of street voluntary blood donation was relatively stable from June to September in each year.Conclusions The street voluntary blood donors in Beijing were mainly young adults,while the number of street voluntary blood donors presented a seasonal pattern.To establish recruitment methods adapted to the population structure characteristics of street voluntary blood donors,and actively organize various blood donation activities during the peak season of blood donation,could promote the healthy development of street voluntary blood collection.