永久性下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的中长期疗效及应用价值

目的 总结永久性下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的中长期疗效并评估其应用价值.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院血管外科2010年1月-2015年10月置入永久性下腔静脉滤器的86例下肢深静脉血栓的病例资料,其中男性41例,女性45例,年龄50 ～ 94岁,平均年龄71.8岁.深静脉血栓位于左下肢51例,右下肢25例,双下肢10例,合并肺栓塞6例.滤器置入后,无溶栓禁忌者行导管溶栓,必要时行髂股静脉球囊扩张及支架置入.术后除抗凝禁忌者外,均采用抗凝治疗.结果 所有患者均一次性放置滤器成功.置入贝朗Vena Tech LP滤器76例,强生TrapEase滤器10例.单纯滤器置入65例,滤器置入+导管溶栓7例,滤器置入+导管溶栓+球囊扩张/支架置入14例.随访12～81个月,平均51个月,死亡27例,均非滤器相关性,其中恶性肿瘤17例,其他死因10例.深静脉血栓复发3例,支架狭窄伴血栓形成2例.滤器倾斜6例,倾斜角度＜15°,滤器下方血栓形成3例,滤器明显移位2例,无滤器断裂、下腔静脉穿孔及出血等发生,无症状性肺栓塞新发或者复发.结论 永久性滤器可以有效预防下肢深静脉血栓导致的肺栓塞,但长期留置可能导致相关并发症,对于高龄或者合并晚期肿瘤等、预期寿命有限的患者,永久性滤器仍是不错的选择.

Permanent inferior vena cava filter in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb: mid-term and long-term outcome and the clinical significance

Objective To assess the mid-term and long-term efficacy of the permanent inferior vena cava filter in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb and discuss the clinical significance of inferior vena cava filter.Methods Retrospectively analyze on the 86 cases with deep vein thrombosis of lower limb (41 males and 45 females,aged 50 to 94 years,mean age was 71.8 years) treated with implantation of permanent inferior vena cava filter in inferior vena cava from Janunary 2010 to October 2015.In these patients,there were 51 cases with embolism in the left leg,25 cases in the right leg,10 cases in both legs and 6 cases were accompanied with pulmonary embolism.The cases without contraindication underwent catheter directed thrombolysis and even percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or stents subsequently if necessary after inferior vena cava filter implantation.All the cases with no contraindication were treated with anticoagulant therapy.Results All the 86 patients were implanted inferior vena cava filter (B.Braun Vena Tech LP 76 and Cordis TrapEase 10)successfully.Sisty-five cases were underwent inferior wena cava filter implantation only,while 21 cases were treated with inferior vena cava filter implantation and catheter directed thrombolysis or even percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stents.During the follow-up period(12 to 81 months,mean time was 51 months),27 patients died dueing to malignant tumor(17 cases) and other diseases (10 cases) rather than complications caused by inferior vena cava filter.Three patients had recurrence of deep vein thrombosis and 2 patients suffered from the thrombosis induced by stenosis of stents.Inferior vena cava filter appered tilted with angle less than 15 degrees in 6 cases.Three cases suffered from new thrombosis below the filter and 2 cases complained of the filter migration.No case was found with fracture of filter,perforation of the inferior vena cava,bleeding or pulmonary embolism(new onset or recurrent).Conclusions Application of permanent inferior vena cava filter may cause complications,though it is an effective approach to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis of lower limb.However,permanent inferior vena cava filter may be fit for patients with old age,incurable cancer or limited expected life.