髌骨沟的应用解剖

目的　为全膝关节成形术重建下肢正确力线提供解剖学基础。方法　在 40根干性股骨标本上用金属丝标记解剖轴、机械轴、髁上轴、经髁轴和髌骨沟全长 ,拍摄正位、侧位和轴位X线片 ,观测髌骨沟的弧长和弧度 ,髌骨沟与 4条基本轴线的角度。结果　髌骨沟的弧长和弧度变化幅度分别为 (2 0 .6± 1.8) (18.6～ 2 4.5 )mm和 115 .4°± 5 .6°(10 8.6°～ 118.4°) ;髌骨沟和股骨的 4条基本轴线的关系变化极大 ,变化范围在 10 .0°～ 16 .5°,髌骨沟最接近垂直干经上髁轴线。结论　在设计全膝人工关节股骨假体部分时 ,可参考髁上轴来确定髌骨沟的位置 ,使髌股关节能最大限度的匹配 ,减少术后并发症

Applied anatomy for patellar groove

Objective To provide the anatomical basis for rebuilding correct strength line of lower extremity during the course of the plastic operation of complete knee joint.Methods Anatomic axes, mechanical axes, transepicondylar axes, transcondylar axes and complete patellar grooves are marked on 40 examples of femoral shaft with metal lines. The radian and arcuate length of patellar grooves and angulations between patellar groove and the four basic axes are observed according to the eupotic, lateral and axial radiographs taken.Results The radian and arcuate length of patellar grooves varies were 115.4°±5.6°(108.6°～118.4°) and (20.6±1.8)(18.6～24.5)mm separately, the relation between patellar grooves and the four basic axes changes greatly, its range of changes is 10.0°～16.5°, the patellar grooves are nearest to be vertical to transcondylar axes.Conclusion Femoral prosthesis of artificially complete knee joint is designed with reference to the position of pateller groove according to transepicondylar axes to make patellar joim inatch with each other to the greatest degree to reduce comphcauons caused by its clinical use.