公共服务场所乙型肝炎病毒感染危险性研究

目的 了解公共服务场所器械消毒方式和乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染现况.方法 采用分层随机抽样选择美容院、美发店、理发店和洗浴中心63家,对682名工作人员开展问卷调查.用放射免疫法检测公共场所器械表面HBsAg和从业人员血清HBsAg.结果 公共场所器械的主要消毒方式为酒精擦拭和紫外线消毒,分别占34.60%和30.79%.公共场所器械HBsAg检出率为2.13%,大、中、小型规模器械检出率分别为0.63%、2.67%、3.70%,大、小型规模公共场所器械HBsAg检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.68,P＜0.05).美容院、理发店和洗脚店器械HBsAg检出率分别为2.97%、0.61%和3.42%;不同器械HBsAg检出率不同,暗疮针和镊子检出率较高,分别为5.13%和4.17%.公共场所从业人员HBsAg阳性率为7.13%,大、中、小型公共场所从业人员HBsAg阳性率分别为7.34%、8.33%和2.94%;在美容院、理发店、洗脚店和洗浴场所的工作人员HBsAg阳性率分别为9.01%、6.37%、4.35%和7.29%;从事不同服务行业人员HBsAg阳性率不同,纹眉、纹唇和纹身行业者最高(13.33%),修脚者其次(12.68%),按摩者为8.03%.结论 应加大公共场所器械消毒管理,规范消毒方法;加强从业人员乙肝疫苗预防接种.

Study on the probability of hepatitis B virus infection at public service places

Objective To provide data for the control and prevention of hepatitis B and HBV surface antigen(HBsAg)status among the appliances and practitioners working in the public service places.Methods 63 beauty parlors,barber shops and bathing centers selected under stratified randomization sampling method and 682 workers were investigated through questionnaire.HBsAg from the appliances of the public service places and employee was detected by RIA.Results Two main sanitizing modes that including alcohol cleaning(34.60%)and ultraviolet light disinfection(30.79%)were used.The rates of testing on HBsAg among the appliances were 2.13% at the public service places,and were 0.63%,2.67% and 3.70% in large-.medium-and small-sized appliances respectively.The rate of testing on HBsAg on large-,medium-and small-sized appliances were statistically different(χ2=6.68,P＜0.05).The positive rates of HBsAg on the appliances of beauty parlors,barbering shops and footbath inns were 2.97%,0.61% and 3.42% respectively.People working in different service sites had different rates of HBsAg:those who worked at the‘acne needle'and the forceps were 5.13% and 4.17%.The positive rate of HBsAg among the workers in the public service places was 7.13%.The rates of HBsAg among the workers in large-,medium-and small-sized public service places were 7.34%,8.33% and 2.94% respectively.The rates of HBsAg among the workers in beauty parlors,barbering shops,footbath inns and bathing centers were 9.01%,6.37%,4.35% and 7.29% respectively.HBsAg positive rates were different among the workers working at different service sites:13.33% at tattoo business.12.68% in pedicures workers and 8.03% in massagists.Conclusion It is important to improve the sanitizing management of the appliances used in the public service places and to improve the knowledge,attitude,as well as practice of vaccination on hepatitis B among those populations.