Distribución de fenotipos clínicos en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica por humo de biomasa y por tabaco

Introduction

Exposure to biomass smoke is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is unknown whether COPD caused by biomass smoke has different characteristics to COPD caused by tobacco smoke.

Objective

To determine clinical differences between these two types of the disease.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of 499 patients with a diagnosis of COPD due to biomass or tobacco smoke. The clinical variables of both groups were compared.

Results

There were 122 subjects (24.4%) in the biomass smoke group and 377 (75.5%) in the tobacco smoke group. In the tobacco group, the percentage of males was higher (91.2% vs 41.8%, P < .0001) and the age was lower (70.6 vs 76.2 years, P < .0001). Body mass index and FEV₁% values were higher in the biomass group (29.4 ± 5.7 vs 28.0 ± 5.1, P = .01, and 55.6 ± 15.6 vs 47.1 ± 17.1, P < .0001, respectively). The mixed COPD-asthma phenotype was more common in the biomass group (21.3% vs 5%, P < .0001), although this difference disappeared when corrected for gender. The emphysema phenotype was more common in the tobacco group (45.9% vs 31.9%, P = .009). The prevalence of the chronic bronchitis and exacerbator phenotypes, the comorbidity burden and the rate of hospital admissions were the same in both groups.

Conclusion

Differences were observed between COPD caused by biomass and COPD caused by tobacco smoke, although these may be attributed in part to uneven gender distribution between the groups.