14～16岁留守儿童心理状况及自杀倾向分析

目的 探讨父母外出打工对14～16岁留守儿童心理状况与自杀倾向(包括意念、计划和行为)的影响.方法 选取安徽省六安市3所中等专业学校14～16周岁在校学生852名,有效调查人数840名;采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和特质对应方式问卷(TCSQ),进行抑郁、焦虑和应对方式的心理状况评定;参考美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)青年危险行为监测系统(YRBSS)自杀行为定义设计调查问卷;采用描述流行病学方法分析父母外出打工对14～16岁留守儿童的心理状况与自杀意念、计划和行为的影响.结果 840名14～16周岁儿童中,父母均外出打工146名,仅父亲外出打工149名,仅母亲外出打工39名.父母外出打工与否儿童的抑郁和焦虑检出率差异无统计学意义;父亲外出打工儿童的积极应对评分为(28.221 5±5.513 92),父母均未外出打工儿童的积极应对评分为(28.915 0±5.857 61),与父母均外出打工儿童的积极应对评分(30.527 4±5.886 51)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);840名儿童中,有过自杀意念者占37.0%;有过自杀计划者占12.5%;有过自杀行为者占6.3%;仅父亲外出打工儿童的自杀意念发生率为63.8%,仅母亲外出打工儿童的自杀意念发生率为64.1%,与父母均未外出儿童的自杀意念发生率(29.8%)比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,年级(RR=0.714,95%CI=0.517～0.986,P=0.041)和民族(RR=2.441,95%CI=1.087～5.480,P=0.031)对14～16岁留守儿童自杀意念的影响差异有统计学意义.结论 父母外出打工对14～16岁留守儿童心理发育仍有一定影响,其中除自杀意念外,抑郁、焦虑检出率及自杀计划、自杀行为发生率等与同年龄组无父母外出儿童比较无明显差异.

Survey on mental health status and suicidal ideation among rural children left-behind

Objective To investigate mental health status and the suicide intention and attempt among rural children with their parents working outside hometown. Me/hods Eight hundred and fifty-two rural children aged 14-16 years were selected from three technical colleges in Liuan city, Anhui province. The Self-rating Depression Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale,Trait Style Questionnare and self-designed suicidal behavior questionnare refered to that used in Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance of USA were adopted. Results Among 840 children with qualified information ,there were 146 children repor-ting their parents working outside the hometown and 149 reporting their father,39 reporting their mother working outside the hometown. No significant difference in rates of depression and anxiety between the children with and without parents work-ing outside. There were significant differences in socres of positive coping between children with parents working outside and children without parents working outside (30. 5274±5. 8865 vs 28. 9150±5. 85761 ,P < 0. 01). There were 311 children (37.0%) with self-repotted suicidal ideation, 105(12. 5%) with suicidal plan and 53(6. 3%) with suicidal attempt,respec-tively. Compared with the children without parents working outside, the children with their father and the children with theirmother working outside had significant higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (63. 8% vs 29. 8%, P < 0. 01 ; 64. 1% vs 29. 8%, P < 0. 01). The results of multiple non-conditional regression indicated that the grade (OR = 0. 714,95 % CI = 0. 517 -0. 986) ,nationality(OR=2. 441,95% CI=1.087 -5. 480) had significant effect on suicidal ideation of the children. Con-clusion Parents's working outside can influence the psychological development of their children aged 14-16 years old. There is no significant diffence in suicidal behavior between children with their parents working outside and children without parents working outside.