苦寒中药及其活性成分抗肿瘤作用及机制研究进展

癌症目前已经成为威胁人类健康的重大疑难疾病之一。由于缺乏有效的治疗手段,每年因癌症死亡的人数仍呈现逐年递增的趋势。中医药基于整体宏观的辨证思维模式,具有功效独特、副作用相对较小等优势,因而已经吸引了来自世界各地有志于解决癌症的科研及临床工作者们的目光。苦寒中药抗肿瘤疗效确切。本文通过查阅国内外相关的研究文献,综述了近十年来苦寒中药及其活性成分有关肿瘤方面的研究进展。按照苦寒中药及其天然活性成分治疗肿瘤的作用特点分为九个部分——诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、诱导癌细胞分化、抗癌侵袭及抗转移作用、抑制肿瘤血管生成、提高机体免疫功能、逆转肿瘤多药耐药性作用、抗信息传递、抑制端粒酶活性以及细胞周期阻滞进行分析,并针对目前的研究现状及存在的问题进行评述,以期对抗肿瘤的苦寒中药及其活性成分的筛选和高效低毒的中药的新药发现以及进一步的临床应用有所裨益。

Review on Anti-Tumour Effect and Mechanism of Bitter and Cold Chinese Herbs and Its Active Ingredients

Cancer has become a threat to human health, one of the major devastating diseases. Due to the lack of effective treatments, the number of deaths from cancer is still showing a trend of increasing year by year. Based on the overall macro-dialectical thinking mode, and with the unique effect and low side effect, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has attracted the attention of cancer researchers and clinicians from around the world. Bitter-cold herbs have significant anti-tumor effects. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of these herbs and their active constituents by referring to the relevant literatures published in the last decade at home and abroad. According to the function of bitter-cold herbs and their natural active ingredients, this review was divided into nine parts:induction of tumor cell apoptosis, induction of cancer cell differentiation, anti-cancer invasion and anti-metastasis effect, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, improvement of immune function, reversal of multi-drug resistance, anti-information transmission, inhibition of telomerase activity and cell cycle arrest. In addition, the current situation and existing problems were reviewed in order to screen the anti-tumor Chinese medicine and their active components, thus discovering new drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity from TCM, and benefiting further clinical application.