金樱子多糖含量变异规律与优良种质筛选

目的：为金樱子种质资源利用与开发提供依据。方法：收集浙江、重庆、湖南、陕西、广东、安徽、江西等省金樱子野生种质资源20份，考察经纬度、海拔、农艺性状指标，用苯酚-硫酸法测定果实多糖含量，用SPSS 17.0软件进行单因素ANOVA方差分析与相关性分析，用DPS 9.05软件进行主成分分析与聚类分析。结果：不同种源金樱子间农艺性状与多糖含量存在极显著差异（P<0.01），浙江种源多糖含量相对较高；多糖含量与农艺性状、生境因子间存在一定的变异规律，与叶长宽比、果实纵横径比、经度呈显著正相关，与果实横径呈显著负相关，与果实单重、果肉重、纬度相关性较低；10个生长与成分性状可简化为4个主成分，累计贡献率达94.69%；20个种源可划分为5类，其中类群Ⅰ植株叶片与果实狭长，多糖含量较高，类群Ⅳ与类群Ⅴ植株叶片大而宽厚，果实大而狭长，果肉重指标高。结论：共筛选出5个农艺性状表现优良种质与4个高多糖含量种质，可作为高产、优质金樱子新品种育种材料。

Variation Characteristics of Polysaccharose Content and Selection of Superior Germplasm in Rosae Laevigatae Fructus from Different Origins

Objective: To provide basis for utilization and development of germplasm resources of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus. Method: Totally 20 germplasms of Rosae Laevigatae Fructus were collected from Zhejiang, Chongqing, Hunan, Shanxi, Guangdong, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces of China. Subsequently, longitude and latitude, elevation and agronomic traits were recorded and measured, while polysaccharose contents were measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and DPS 9.05 software with ANOVA and UPGMA methods respectively. Result: There were significant differences in agronomic traits and polysaccharose contents among Rosae Laevigatae Fructus from different origins (P<0.01), and polysaccharose content of germplasm in Zhejiang was relatively high. Meanwhile, there were variation rules between polysaccharose contents as well as agronomic traits and biotope factor. In particular, there were significantly positive relations between polysaccharose content as well as ratio of length and width of leaves, ratio of vertical and lateral diameter of fruit and longitude, with negative relations with lateral diameter of fruit, and low relations with weight of fruit and fruit fresh, and latitude. What''s more, 10 characters were simplified to 4 principle components, with the accumulative contribution rate up to 94.69%. Besides, 20 germplasms were divided into 5 groups. Among them, the first group showed a higher ratio of length and width of leaves and ratio of vertical and lateral diameter of fruit, with a higher polysaccharose contents. The fourth and fifth groups showed a broad and thick leave area, low ratio of length and width of leaves, large fruit and higher ratio of vertical and lateral diameter of fruit. Conclusion: Five germplasms with superior agronomic traits and four germplasms with higher polysaccharose content have been selected, and could be used for breeding high-yield and high-quality Rosae Laevigatae Fructus.