Metastasis development at the site of cervical spine arthrodesis

Biologically, the site of arthrodesis provides a microenvironment replete of growth factors and active remodeling, which is propitious for bone regrowth. There is a theoretical possibility though that this microenvironment would also provide a fertile site for metastatic deposits to occur. Although spinal fusion with various types of instrumentation is commonly used to treat various disorders, development of tumors at the site of spinal arthrodesis has not been previously reported. We present the clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of a case of previously undiagnosed metastatic adenocarcinoma, occurring 1 year following anterior arthrodesis and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy at the C3–C4 level. The patient’s initial radiologic presentation suggested an epidural abscess with osteomyelitic destruction of C3 and C4. Our report alerts surgeons to the possibility that metastasis may occur at the site of a previous spinal arthrodesis.